HOMILY XIX.] HOMILIES ON EPHESIANS. 139 What then? Are we to give thanks for every thing that befalls us ? Yes ; be it even disease, be it even penury. For if a certain wise man gave this advice in the Old Testament, and said, " Whatsoever is brought upon thee take cheer fully, and be patient when thou art changed to a low estate " (Ecclus. ii. 4) ; much more ought this to be the case in the New. Yes, even though thou know not the word, give thanks. For this is thanksgiving. But if thou give thanks when thou art in comfort and in afflu ence, in success and in prosperity, there is nothing great, nothing wonderful in that. What is required is, for a man to give thanks when he is in afflictions, in anguish, in discouragements. Utter no word in preference to this, " Lord, I thank thee." And why do I speak of the afflic tions of this world? It is our duty to give God thanks, even for hell 1 itself, for the tor ments and punishments of the next world. For surely it is a thing beneficial to those who at tend to it, when the dread of hell is laid like a bridle on our hearts. Let us therefore give thanks not only for blessings which we see, but also for those which we see not, and for those which we receive against our will. For many are the blessings He bestows upon us, without our desire, without our knowledge. And if ye believe me not, I will at once proceed to make the case clear to you. For consider, I pray, do not the impious and unbelieving Gen tiles ascribe everything to the sun and to their idols? But what then? Doth He not bestow blessings even upon them ? Is it not the work of His providence, that they both have life, and health, and children, and the like ? And again they that are called Marcionites, 2 and the Mani- chees, do they not even blaspheme Him? But what then ? Does He not bestow blessings on them every day? Now if He bestows bless ings on them that know them not, much more does he bestow them upon us. For what else is the peculiar work of God if it be not this, to do good to all mankind, alike by chastisements and by enjoyments? Let us not then give thanks only when we are in prosperity, for there is nothing great in this. And this the devil also well knows, and therefore he said, " Doth Job fear God for nought ? Hast Thou not made an hedge about him and about all that he hath on every side ? Touch all that he hath ; no doubt, he will renounce Thee to Thy face ! " (Job i. 10, n.) However, that cursed one gained no advantage ; and God forbid he should gain any advantage of us either ; but whenever we are either in penury, or in sicknesses, or in disasters, readers have always for all things to render to God." Meyer. G.A.I 1 [Meyer says the context limits -navrutv to " blessings." G. A.] * [On these heretics and their doctrines, see Vol. IX. (this series) p. 65 (notes 3 and 5), and p. 205, second column. G. A.] then let us increase our thanksgiving thanks giving, I mean, not in words, nor in tongue, but in deeds and works, in mind and in heart. Let us give thanks unto Him with all our souls. For He loves us more than our parents ; and wide as is the difference between evil and goodness,so great is the difference between the love of God and that of our fathers. And these are not my words, but those of Christ HimselfWho loveth us. And hear what He Himself saith, " What man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone ? If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Father which is in Heaven give good things to them that ask Him ? " (Matt. vii. 9, 1 1 .) And again, hear what He saith also elsewhere : " Can a woman forget her sucking child that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb? Yea, they may forget, yet will not I forget thee, saith the Lord." (Isa. xlix. 15.) For if He loveth us not, wherefore did He create us? Had He any necessity? Do we supply to Him any ministry and service ? Need- eth He anything that we can render? Hear what the Prophet says ; " I have said unto the Lord, Thou art my Lord, I have no good be yond Thee." (Ps. xvi. 2.) The ungrateful, however, and unfeeling say, that this were worthy of God s goodness, that there should be an equality amongst all. Tell me, ungrateful mortal, what sort of things are they which thou deniest to be of God s good ness, and what equality meanest thou ? " Such an one," thou wilt say, " has been a cripple from his childhood ; another is mad, and is possessed ; another has arrived at extreme old age, and has spent his whole life in poverty ; another in the most painful diseases : are these works of Providence? One man is deaf, an other dumb, another poor, whilst another, im pious, yea, utterly impious, and full of ten thousand vices, enjoys wealth, and keeps con cubines, and parasites, and is owner of a splendid mansion, and lives an idle life." ;! And many instances of the sort they string together, and weave a long account of complaint against the providence of God. What then are we to say to them? Now if they were Greeks, and were to tell us that the universe is governed by some one or other, we should in turn address to them the self-same words, " What then, are things without a provi- [ s This difficulty is as old as David. Chrysostom does not here sug gest David s solution of the problem, the spiritual compensations icre and hereafter. And Paul could say even to a slave in his day, Wast thou called being a slave? Care not for it. Nay, if thou art even able to be free, make use of thy having been called as a slave, rather than accept thy freedom." (i Cor. vii. 21.) And even Epic- etus said something similar. A little below, Chrysostom touches his higher Theodicy: " One thing alone is evil; that is, to sin." j. A.]