Verse 8.— Be sober, be vigilant. Observe temperance in all things. Rule with vigor all passions of the mind and passions of the body. Be vigilant; that is, careful, watchful, always on the guard. The occasion for this is that a conflict is before you, and the enemy whom I have disclosed is a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour. Your adversary, the devil. Knowing now with whom you come in conflict, you at once discover the necessity for the close observance of the admonitions given. Your adversary is the devil, the enemy of all righteousness and the author of all wrong. Like the lion, his approaches are stealthy, and, as the lion is powerful among the beasts of the field, so your adversary is exceed­ingly powerful and unscrupulous.