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{"author":null,"backreferences":[{"context_html":"<p>But though these nations are said to have been dispersed\r\naccording to their languages, yet the narrator recurs to that\r\ntime when all had but one language, and explains how it\r\ncame to pass that a diversity of languages was introduced.\r\n\"The whole earth,\" he says, \"was of one lip, and all had one\r\nspeech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the\r\neast, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and dwelt\r\nthere. And they said one to another, Come, and let us make\r\nbricks, and burn them thoroughly. And they had bricks for\r\nstone, and slime for mortar. And they said, Come, and let us\r\nbuild for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top shall reach\r\nthe sky; and let us make us a name, before we be scattered\r\nabroad on the face of all the earth. And the Lord came down\r\nto see the city and the tower, which the children, of men\r\nbuilded. And the Lord God said, Behold, the people is one,\r\nand they have all one language; and this they begin to do:\r\nand now nothing will be restrained from them, which they\r\nhave imagined to do. Come, and let us go down, and confound\r\nthere their language, that they may not understand one\r\nanother's speech. And God scattered them thence on the<span class=\"pagenum\"><a id=\"Page_112\">[Pg 112]</a></span>\r\nface of all the earth: and they left off to build the city and\r\nthe tower. Therefore the name of it is called Confusion;\r\nbecause the Lord did there confound the language of all the\r\nearth: and the Lord God scattered them thence on the face of\r\nall the earth.\"<a id=\"FNanchor_236_236\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_236_236\">[236]</a> This city, which was called Confusion, is the\r\nsame as Babylon, whose wonderful construction Gentile history\r\nalso notices. For Babylon means Confusion. Whence we\r\nconclude that the giant Nimrod was its founder, as had been\r\nhinted a little before, where Scripture, in speaking of him,\r\nsays that the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, that is,\r\nBabylon had a supremacy over the other cities as the metropolis\r\nand royal residence; although it did not rise to the\r\ngrand dimensions designed by its proud and impious founder.\r\nThe plan was to make it so high that it should reach the sky,\r\nwhether this was meant of one tower which they intended to\r\nbuild higher than the others, or of all the towers, which might\r\nbe signified by the singular number, as we speak of \"the\r\nsoldier,\" meaning the army, and of the frog or the locust, when\r\nwe refer to the whole multitude of frogs and locusts in the\r\nplagues with which Moses smote the Egyptians.<a id=\"FNanchor_237_237\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_237_237\">[237]</a> But what\r\ndid these vain and presumptuous men intend? How did\r\nthey expect to raise this lofty mass against God, when they\r\nhad built it above all the mountains and the clouds of the\r\nearth's atmosphere? What injury could any spiritual or\r\nmaterial elevation do to God? The safe and true way to\r\nheaven is made by humility, which lifts up the heart to the\r\nLord, not against Him; as this giant is said to have been a\r\n\"hunter <i>against</i> the Lord.\" This has been misunderstood by\r\nsome through the ambiguity of the Greek word, and they have\r\ntranslated it, not \"against the Lord,\" but \"before the Lord;\"\r\nfor ἔναντιον means both \"before\" and \"against.\" In the\r\nPsalm this word is rendered, \"Let us weep <i>before</i> the Lord\r\nour Maker.\"<a id=\"FNanchor_238_238\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_238_238\">[238]</a> The same word occurs in the book of Job,\r\nwhere it is written, \"Thou hast broken into fury <i>against</i> the\r\nLord.\"<a id=\"FNanchor_239_239\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_239_239\">[239]</a> And so this giant is to be recognised as a \"hunter\r\n<i>against</i> the Lord.\" And what is meant by the term \"hunter\"\r\nbut deceiver, oppressor, and destroyer of the animals of the<span class=\"pagenum\"><a id=\"Page_113\">[Pg 113]</a></span>\r\nearth? He and his people, therefore, erected this tower\r\nagainst the Lord, and so gave expression to their impious\r\npride; and justly was their wicked intention punished by\r\nGod, even though it was unsuccessful. But what was the\r\nnature of the punishment? As the tongue is the instrument\r\nof domination, in it pride was punished; so that man, who\r\nwould not understand God when He issued His commands,\r\nshould be misunderstood when he himself gave orders. Thus\r\nwas that conspiracy disbanded, for each man retired from\r\nthose he could not understand, and associated with those\r\nwhose speech was intelligible; and the nations were divided\r\naccording to their languages, and scattered over the earth as\r\nseemed good to God, who accomplished this in ways hidden\r\nfrom and incomprehensible to us.</p>","headings":["THE CITY OF GOD.","BOOK SIXTEENTH.","ARGUMENT."],"marker_anchor":null,"paragraph_id":"pg45305-paragraph-185"}],"canonical_references":[],"date_end":null,"date_start":null,"deduplication_fingerprint":"efd74fc25d889e4e96e11c1f9c948471096917e53953d0345534d24e684183f2","edition_title":"The City of God, Volume II","edition_translators":["Marcus Dods","George Wilson (Books XVII-XVIII)"],"edition_year":1871,"explicit_reference_candidates":[{"book":"PSA","chapter":95,"kind":"unreviewed","source_notation":"Ps. xcv. 6","verse":6,"verse_end":6}],"headings":[],"id":"pg45305-Footnote_238_238","license_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html","public_import_allowed":false,"record_kind":"original-editor-translator-note","review_required":["work and recension attribution","original-work chronology","Bible reference numbering and citation kind","English edition rights and attribution"],"review_status":"needs_review","rights_evidence":"Provider catalog reports public domain in the USA. Original transcription title leaves state T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1871; printed translator allocation retained. Gutenberg credits Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries without an exact scan identifier. Full provider license preserved with acquired original; republication and per-work metadata remain unreviewed.","source_anchor":"Footnote_238_238","source_ebook":45305,"source_html":"<div class=\"footnote\">\n<p><a id=\"Footnote_238_238\"></a><a class=\"pginternal\" href=\"#FNanchor_238_238\"><span class=\"label\">[238]</span></a> Ps. xcv. 6.</p></div>","source_sha256":"7e0ced9e70512f3cf050b53c9d548e36b70d468d875153869f95d8aff5bbb530","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/45305/pg45305-images.html#Footnote_238_238","text_sha256":"fb2cf6ec3863d456226cd959cf05c6132012f57d79999540493ef6a4848c1649","verified":false,"work_id":null}