Ezekiel. In Hebrew. Y heze el yehazzek- el = El is strong, or El strengthens (compare Israel, Genesis 32:28). Of the four greater prophets, Ezekiel and Daniel (who prophesied in Babylonia) are compounded with "El" (App-4. IV); while Isaiah and Jeremiah (who prophesied in the land) are compounded with "Jah". Ezekiel was a priest (Ezekiel 1:3), carried away eleven years before the destruction of the city and temple (Ezekiel 1:2; Ezekiel 33:21. 2 Kings 24:14). He dwelt in his own house (8. I. Compare Jeremiah 29:5). He was married; and his wife died in the year when the siege of Jerusalem began. Now = And. This is a link in the prophetic chain. Compare 1 Peter 1:10-12. 2 Peter 1:21. Ezekiel had doubtless received and seen the letter sent by Jeremiah (Jeremiah 29:1-32). thirtieth . . . fourth, See notes on p. 1105. fifth day. Dates in Ezekiel are always of the month, not of the week (Ezekiel 1:1; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 20:1; Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 29:1; Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 32:1; Ezekiel 40:1). captives. Hebrew captivity. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6, forcaptives", as translated. Compare Ezekiel 3:15, Chebar. Now Khabour, Probably the same as Chebor or Habor (2 Kings 17:6; 2 Kings 18:11. 1 Chronicles 5:26), falling into the Euphrates about forty-five miles north of Babylon. On the Inscription it is called nar Kabari = great river, or "Grand Canal", cut between the Tigris and the Euphrates. In Ch. Ezekiel 3:15, it is not the same "Chebar" as in Ezekiel 1:1, but the Chebar to which Ezekiel was sent ("go, get thee", Ezekiel 3:4). The "Chebar" of Ezekiel 1:1 was where he dwelt; that of Eze 3:15 is where he was sent, of = from. Genitive of Origin or Efficient Cause. App-17. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. fifth year. B.C. 484. Compare 2 Kings 24:12, 2 Kings 24:15, Jehoiachin. Called also Jeconiah, and Coniah. Compare 2 Kings 24:17-20; 2 Kings 25:1-21. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. expressly = in very deed, or in reality. Ezekiel. See the Title. the priest: and called, as Jeremiah was, to the office of prophet as well, the hand. Fig, Anthropopatheia. App-6. was = became. Compare Elijah (1 Kings 18:46); Elisha (2 Kings 3:15); Daniel (Daniel 10:10, Daniel 10:18); and John (Revelation 1:17). behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. whirlwind. Hebrew. ruach = spirit, but it came to be rendered "storm or whirlwind". Note the three symbols of Jehovah’s glory, Storm, Cloud, and Fire. Compare Nahum 1:3. Revelation 4:5. out of the north. See note on Psalms 75:6, and Isaiah 14:13. infolding itself = taking hold of itself. Revised Version margin, "flashing continually". Human and finite language is unable to find words to express infinite realities. It may mean spontaneous ignition: i.e. without the application of external fire. Compare Exodus 9:24. colour. Hebrew. "eye". Put by Figure of speech Metonynmy (of Adj evict), App-6, for colour. amber: or, glowing metal. out of : or, in. four living creatures. These are "the Cherubim". See App-41. The zoa of Rev 4:6. straight: i.e. unjointed. The living creatures did not move by walking. hands. Hebrew text reads "hand". Some codices, with two early printed editions and Hebrew text margin, read "hands "(plural), followed by Authorized Version and Revised Version. The sing. is to be preferred, and is so rendered in Ezekiel 10:7. Why not here? faces. See App-41. man. Hebrew ’adam, App-14. stretched upward = divided or spread out from above. spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. lamps = the lamp; or, torch (singular) went forth = kept going forth. ran and returned: or kept running and returning. Hebrew is Inf. by Heterosis (of Mood), App-6. behold. Figure of speech Asterismes. App-6. The. Some codices, with one early printed edition, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "And the". turned. The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version reads "returned". high. In the sense of sublimity. the living creatures = the living ones. Compare verses: Ezekiel 1:21, Ezekiel 1:22, Ezekiel 1:3; Ezekiel 10:15, Ezekiel 10:20. The four were one. firmament = expanse, as in Genesis 1:6. stretched forth = spread out. above = upward. straight = level. noise. Hebrew "voice", as in the next clause = any noise. Articulate speech not mentioned till Ezekiel 1:28 with Ezekiel 2:1. voice = noise, as above. THE . Hebrew. Shaddai. App-4. voice of speech = noise of tumult. man. Hebrew. App-14. Compare Daniel 7:13. the bow. in the cloud. Reference to Pentateuch (Genesis 9:16). App-92. The only allusion to it in O.T. after Genesis. In N.T. compare Revelation 4:3; Revelation 10:1. the glory, &c. Compare Ezekiel 3:12, Ezekiel 3:23; Ezekiel 8:4; Ezekiel 9:3; Ezekiel 10:4, Ezekiel 10:18, Ezekiel 10:19; Ezekiel 10:22, Ezekiel 10:23; Ezekiel 43:2, Ezekiel 43:4, Ezekiel 43:5; Ezekiel 44:4. I fell upon my face. Reference to Pentateuch (Numbers 14:5; Numbers 16:4, Numbers 16:25, Numbers 16:45). App-92. He said. See Ezekiel 1:28, i.e. He Who was enthroned (Ezekiel 2:26). Son of man = son of Adam. Hebrew. ben adam. App-14. Used of Ezekiel (exactly one hundred times) by Jehovah, always without the Article. In N.T. used by Christ (of Himself) eighty-six times in Authorized Version (eighty-three times in Revised Version, omitting Matthew 18:11; Matthew 25:13. Luke 9:56). Used by others of Christ twice (John 12:34), making the Authorized Version total eighty-eight, and the Revised Version total eighty-five. Always with the Article in N.T. See notes on Psalms 8:4, Matthew 8:20, and Revelation 14:14. Without the Article it denotes a human being, a natural descendant of Adam. In Ezekiel it is used in contrast with the celestial living creatures (Ezekiel 1). With the Article (as used of Christ) it denotes "the second Man", "the last Adam", taking the place, dispensationally, which "the first man" had forfeited, and succeeding, therefore, to the universal dominion over the earth which had been committed to Adam (Genesis 1:26, Psalms 8:4-8). In the N. T, outside the Four Gospels, it is used only in Acts 7:56. Hebrews 2:6. Revelation 1:13; Revelation 14:14. And, be side Ezekiel, it is used in OT. only of Daniel (Daniel 8:17) stand, &c. Compare Daniel 10:11. Revelation 1:17. Reminding us that he was not a false prophet, or self-called and sent. Such spoke "out of their own heart" (Ezekiel 13:2, Ezekiel 13:3). Compare Jeremiah 23:16. the spirit entered . He spoke. Entered with the word. Compare Genesis 1:2, Genesis 1:3. The Divine summons is accompanied by Divine preparation. Compare Ezekiel 3:24. Revelation 1:17. spirit. Hebrew. ruach App-9. I heard. This is ever the Divine qualification. I send = I am sending. children sons. rebellious. rebelled = revolting (against lawful authority), contumacious. Hebrew. marad. Not the same word as in verses: Ezekiel 2:5, Ezekiel 2:6, Ezekiel 2:7, Ezekiel 5:8. Occurs again in Ezekiel 17:15; Ezekiel 20:38. nation = nations (plural of Majesty) - the whole nation, Israel and Judah. Hence, the great rebellious nation like the heathen. transgressed = revolted. Hebrew. pasha’. App-44. impudent . . . stiffhearted. Reference to Pentateuch. A reproach brought against Israel eight times in Exodus and Deuteronomy (Exodus 32:9; Exodus 33:3, Exodus 33:5; Exodus 34:9. Deuteronomy 9:6, Deuteronomy 9:13; Deuteronomy 10:16; Deuteronomy 31:27). App-92. Compare Judges 2:19, and Isaiah 48:4. impudent = hard of face. Hebrew. kashah. stiffhearted. = stubborn of heart. Hebrew. hazak. the Lord God. Hebrew. Adonai Jehovah. App-4. This title is characteristic of the prophecies of Ezekiel, being used 214 times. Very rarely in the other prophets. Ezekiel is in exile. This title is to remind him that Jehovah is still the sovereign Lord over all the earth, though Israel be "Lo-ammi" = not My People. whether they will hear, or . . . forbear. The latter is evidently assumed, and to be expected; as in 2 Timothy 4:3. But no alternative is given. " My words "correspond with "preach the word "(2 Timothy 4:2). forbear = abstain, or refuse to hear. a rebellious house. Hebrew a house of rebellion. Not the same word as in Ezekiel 2:3. Hebrew. meri, from marah, to be bitter, perverse, refractory. Reference to Pentateuch, (Numbers 17:10. Deuteronomy 31:27). Elsewhere only in 1 Samuel 15:23. Nehemiah 9:17, Job 24:13, Proverbs 17:13. Isaiah 30:9). The Verb occurs forty-three times in O.T. The Noun occurs sixteen times in Ezekiel (Ezekiel 2:5, Ezekiel 2:6, Ezekiel 2:7, Ezekiel 2:8; Ezekiel 2:3:9; Ezekiel 2:26-27; Ezekiel 12:2, Ezekiel 12:3, Ezekiel 12:9, Ezekiel 12:25; Ezekiel 17:12; Ezekiel 24:3; Ezekiel 44:6). briers and thorns . . . scorpions. Put by Figure of speech Hypocatastasis (App-6), for the rebellious. My words. Nothing less, nothing more, nothing different. Compare Genesis 3:2, Genesis 3:3, and 2 Timothy 4:2, under a similar warning in the following verse. Compare Ezekiel 2:5, note. eat. See Ezekiel 3:1-3. Compare Revelation 10:9, Revelation 10:10. behold . . . lo. Fig, Asterismos. App-6. a roll of a book = a scroll. Compare Jeremiah 36:2. Psalms 40. within and without. Contrary to the usual custom (within only), to show the abundance and completeness of his prophecies. Compare Revelation 5:1. lamentations. Aramaean and Septuagint read "lamentation "(singular) Son of man. See note on Ezekiel 2:1. eat. Compare Ezekiel 3:10. AIso Job 23:12, Psalms 119:103, and Jeremiah 15:16. the house of Israel. See note on Exodus 16:31. house. Some codices, with one early printed edition, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "sons". Then did I eat. Compare Revelation 10:10. as honey, &c. Compare Psalms 19:10; Psalms 119:103. Jeremiah 15:16. speak with My words. This is inspiration. See note on Ezekiel 2:5, Ezekiel 2:7. Ezekiel’s voice and pen, but Jehovah’s words. people = peoples, hearken = be willing to hearken. will not hearken = are not willing to hearken. are = they are. impudent, &c. Reference to Pentateuch. See note on Ezekiel 2:4. Behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. strong = strong, or hard (for endurance). Hebrew. hazak. Same as "harder "(Ezekiel 3:9). Compare the name Ezekiel in Title. harder. Same as "strong" (verses: Ezekiel 3:8, Ezekiel 3:14). rebellious house. See note on Ezekiel 2:5. all My words.See note on Ezekiel 2:7. captivity.Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6, for captives. unto the children of. The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version omits these words. children = sons. the Lord GOD. Hebrew. Adonai Jehovah. App-4 whether, &c. See note on Ezekiel 2:7. spirit. Hebrew roach. App-9. See notes on Ezekiel 8:3. took me up = laid hold of me. behind me. Therefore the prophet must have been facing south, as the glory appeared from the north (Ezekiel 1:4). voice = sound. saying, &c. By reading berum (arose) instead of baruk (Blessed), Ginsburg thinks the meaning should be "[when] the glory of Jehovah arose (or was lifted up) from its place" (Compare Ezekiel 10:4, Ezekiel 10:17, Ezekiel 10:19): i.e. when the vision was withdrawn. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. lifted me up, &c, Compare Acts 8:39, Acts 8:40. 2 Corinthians 12:4. Revelation 1:10. Compare Obadiah’s fear (1 Kings 18:12). Chebar. Not the Chebar of Eze 1:3. That was where he dwelt. This was the Chebar whither he was sent. See note on Ezekiel 1:3; the modern Khabour, a tributary of the Euphrates, forty-five miles from Babylon. sat = dwelt; as in the preceding clause. made = given. God’s prophets and ministers were His "gifts" (Ephesians 4:11). watchman = one who looks out or views from a height, with the object of warning. Hebrew. zaphah. Compare Ezekiel 33:2, Ezekiel 33:6, Ezekiel 33:7, Isaiah 52:8; Ezekiel 56:10. Jeremiah 6:17. Not shamar, to keep in view with the object of guarding, as in Son 3:3; Son 5:7. Isaiah 21:11; Isaiah 62:6. These are the two spheres of the pastoral office. give them warning. Hebrew zuhar, to give a signal by a beacon or other fire (Jeremiah 8:1). Occurs fourteen times in Ezekiel in connection with the prophet’s or pastor’s care. Compare verses: Ezekiel 3:18, Ezekiel 3:19, Ezekiel 3:10, Ezekiel 18:20, Ezekiel 18:21; Ezekiel 33:3, Ezekiel 33:4, Ezekiel 33:5, Ezekiel 33:6, Ezekiel 33:7, Ezekiel 33:8, Ezekiel 33:9. wicked = lawless. Hebrew. rdsha`. App-44. shalt surely die. Note the Figure of speech Polyptbtco, App-6(Inf. with Fut.), for emphasis. Hebrew "dying, thou wilt die". See notes on Genesis 2:17; Genesis 26:28. his life = himself alive. iniquity. Hebrew aval, App-44, thy soul = thyself. Heb, nephesh. App-13. righteousness. Heb, is plural in margin, but some codices, with one early printed edition, read "righteous deeds" (plural) in text and margin sin. Hebrew chata. App-44. shall surely live. See note on "shall surely die" (Ezekiel 3:18). is warned = took warning. plain = valley. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. the glory, Sc. See note on Ezekiel 1:28. a reprover = a man of reproof. Compare Ezekiel 24:27; Ezekiel 29:21; Ezekiel 33:22. heareth = is minded to hear. let him. = will. forbeareth = is minded to forbear. son of man. See note on Ezekiel 2:1. tile: or, brick. A Babylonian brick, as used for inscription, was about 14 inches by 12. lay = give, or take, as in verses: Ezekiel 4:1, Ezekiel 4:2, Ezekiel 4:5, Ezekiel 4:8; not Ezekiel 4:4. Hebrew. nathan, rendered "appointed" in Ezekiel 4:6. pourtray = grave. fort = a siege tower, or bulwark. mount = embankment. pan = a flat plate, as used for baking. set thy face. Ref to Pentateuch (Leviticus 17:10; Leviticus 20:3, Leviticus 20:5, Leviticus 20:6; Leviticus 26:17). App-92. Compare Jeremiah 21:10; Jeremiah 44:11. the house of Israel. See note on Exodus 16:31. To be carefully distinguished here from Judah. lay = set, or place. Hebrew sum. See note on Ezekiel 4:1. according to the number, &c. Reference to Pentateuch, (Numbers 14:34). This is no evidence that in prophetic scriptures there is a "year = day "theory. These exceptions prove the opposite rule. In all of them "day" means "day", and "year" means "year". bear their iniquity. A technical expression belonging to the Pentateuch - to endure the punishment due to iniquity, or sin. See Exodus 28:38, Exodus 28:93. Leviticus 5:1, Leviticus 5:17; Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 16:22; Leviticus 17:16; Leviticus 19:16; Leviticus 20:17, Leviticus 20:19, Leviticus 20:20 (sin); Leviticus 22:9 (sin), Leviticus 22:16; Leviticus 24:15 (sin). Numbers 5:31; Numbers 9:13 (sin); 14, 33 (whoredoms), 34; Ezekiel 18:1, Ezekiel 18:1, Ezekiel 18:22 (sin), 23, 32 (sin); Ezekiel 30:15. Outside the Pentateuch, only in Ezekiel 4:4, Ezekiel 4:5, Ezekiel 4:6; Ezekiel 16:54 (shame); Ezekiel 18:19, Ezekiel 18:20, Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 23:49 (sin); Ezekiel 32:24 (shame), 25 (shame), 30 (shame); Ezekiel 44:10, Ezekiel 44:12; and in Isaiah 53:4, Isaiah 53:11, Isaiah 53:12, where the verb is sabal (not nasa, as in Pentateuch), and Lamentations 5:7. iniquity. Hebrew. `avon. App-44. Put by Figure of speech metonymy (of Cause), App-6, for the punishment brought about in consequence of it. three hundred and ninety days. These were to be literal "days" to Ezekiel, and were to represent 390 literal "years". The date of the command is not material to the understanding of this prophecy. The meaning of the expression "bear their iniquity" (see note on Ezekiel 4:4) determines the interpretation as referring to the duration of the punishment, and not to the period of the iniquity which brought it down. The 390 days stand for 390 years and the 40 days for 40 years, the duration of the punishment of Israel and Judah respec tively. As this has to do with the city Jerusalem (verses: Ezekiel 4:1-3), the periods must necessarily be conterminous with something that affects the ending of its punishment. ’This was effected solely by the decree for the restoration and rebuilding of Jerusalem in 454 B.C. (App-50). Three hundred and ninety years take us back to the sixteenth year of Asa, when Baasha made war on Judah (844 B.C. 2 Chronicles 16:1. App-50); which was followed by the solemn announcement by the prophet Jehu against Baasha of the quickly coming punishment of Israel (1 Kings 16:1, &c.), The punishment of Judah, in like manner, began forty years betore (455-4 B.C.): viz. in 495-4 B.C.; 495 (his fifth year), being the year of Jehoiakim’s burning of the roll. The prophecy of this punishment was given in his fourth year (Jeremiah 25:1, Jeremiah 25:9-11), and the execution of it speedily followed. This symbolical action of Ezekiel shows no how long Jerusalem’s punishment lasted, and when it ended. again = a second time, showing that they are not necessarily consecutive or continuous, but are conterminous, though not commencing at the same time. forty days. See note on Ezekiel 4:4. appointed = given. Some word as "lay", verses: Ezekiel 4:1, Ezekiel 4:2, Ezekiel 4:5, Ezekiel 4:8. the siege of Jerusalem. This is thepoint which determines the interpretation, as do Ezekiel 4:1-3. behold. Figure of speech Asterisimos App-6. Ftches, in English, is another spelling of vetches, is plant having tendrils. But the Hebrew -kaseemeth is defined as trlticum spetla, or spelled, a kind of eon), always distinguished from wheat, barley, &c. Compare Ex. Ezekiel 9:32. Isaiah 28:25. Here, in plural. shekels. See App-51. hin. See App-51. bake it with = bake it upon. Compare Ezekiel 4:15. man. Hebrew. ’adam. App-14. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. children = sons. Gentiles = nations. Lord GOD. Hebrew. Adonai Jehovah. See App-4. soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13. that which dieth of itself. Reference to Pentateuch (Exodus 22:31. Leviticus 11:39, Leviticus 11:40; Leviticus 17:5). App-92. abominable flesh. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7). Elsewhere, only in Isaiah 65:3. App-92. Lo. Figure of speech Aster’s. App-6. given. Same word as "appointed", Ezekiel 4:6. therewith: or., thereupon. Compare Ezekiel 4:12. I will break. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:26). Occurr ing again in Ezekiel 5:16; Ezekiel 14:13; but nowhere else in O.T. consume away, &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:39). Compare Ezekiel 24:23; Ezekiel 24:33. to ("pine away "). App-92. son of man. See note on Ezekiel 2:1. knife = sword, as in Ezekiel 5:12, and Ezekiel 11:8, Ezekiel 11:10 take thee a barber’s rasor = as a barber’s rasor shalt thou take it. This is the sign of the Assyrian army; Isaiah 7:20). thee. The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version reads "the". in the midst of the city. Which he had graven on the brick See the signification in Ezekiel 5:12, fulfilled = completed. Compare Ezekiel 4:8. a = the. Compare Ezekiel 5:1. in to. wind. Hebrew ruach. App-9. draw out a sword, &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:33). sword. Same word as "knife" (vs Ezekiel 5:1). App-92. the house of Israel. As in Ezekiel 4:3. the Lord GOD = Adonai Jehovah, As in Ezekiel 2:4 This is Jerusalem. Compare Ezekiel 4:1. changed = rejected, or rebelled against. Compare Ezekiel 20:8, Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:21, Numbers 20:24; Numbers 27:14. Hebrew. march. Occurs forty-two times in O.T., and rendered "changed" only here. See notes on Ezekiel 2:3, Ezekiel 2:6. wickedness. Hebrew. rdshii’. App-44. they : i.e. the nations and the countries. multiplied = rebelled. statutes. See notes on Genesis 26:5. Deuteronomy 4:1. neither have kept = and have not kept. neither have done, &c.: or, "and according to the statutes of the nations which are round about you have not done". Some codices, with two early printed editions and Syriac, omit this "not". Compare Ezekiel 11:12. Behold. Figure of speech Asterismos, App-6. the fathers shall eat, &c. = fathers shall eat, &c. (no Art.) Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:29. Deuteronomy 28:53). as I live. Figures of speech Deesis and Anthropopatheia. App-6. saith the LORD = [is] Jehovah’s oracle. hast defiled. This charge is substantiated in Ezekiel 8. diminish thee. So the Western codices. Hebrew. ’egra’ (with Resh = r). But the Eastern oodices read ’egda’ (with Daleth = d) =. "I shall cut off", with the former reading in margin, But some codices, with two early printed editions, read "cut off" in the text. Mine eye, &c. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6, Ref to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 13:8). Compare Ezekiel 7:4; Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 9:10. App-92. A third pert, &c. This is the signification of the sign (verses: Ezekiel 5:1-4). pestilence, and with famine. Op. Josephus, Antiquities x, 8. i. all the winds = all quarters, Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6. and. Note the Figure of speech Polyeyndeton (App-6). I will be comforted. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 32:36). Compare Isaiah 1:24, App-92. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. zeal = jealousy. I will make thee waste. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:31, Leviticus 26:32). App-92, be a reproach and a taunt, Sc. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 28:37, the words being different). App-92. unto. Some codices, with one early printed edition, Septuagint, and Vulgate, read "in", or "among". I shall sand, &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 32:23, Deuteronomy 32:24). which: or, who. break your staff of bread, &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:26). App-92. Compare Ezekiel 4:13. So will I send, Sc, Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:22. Deuteronomy 32:24), I will bring the sword, Re. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:25). App-92. Compare Ezekiel 6:3; Ezekiel 11:8; Ezekiel 11:14, Ezekiel 11:17; Ezekiel 29:8; Ezekiel 33:2. Not used elsewhere in O.T. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. Son of man. See note on Ezekiel 2:1. the mountains. Specially defiled by the high places. Compare Ezekiel 6:13. the Lord GOD. Hebrew Adonai Jehovah. See note on Ezekiel 2:4. rivers: or, ravines. Compare Ezekiel 36:4, s. Hebrew aphikim. See note on "channels", 2 Samuel 22:16. Behold, Figure of speech Asteriemos. App-6. bring a sword. See note on Ezekiel 5:17. destroy your high places. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:30). images = sun = images. Ref, to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:30). App-92. Compare 2 Chronicles 14:5; 2 Chronicles 34:4, 2 Chronicles 34:7, Isaiah 17:8; Isaiah 27:9. idols = manufactured gods. children = sons, their. Some codices, with Vulgate, read "your". waste. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:31). App-92. the slain = a slain one. ye shall know that am the LORD, This formula occurs twenty-one times in Ezekiel: five times at the beginning of a verse (Ezekiel 6:13; Ezekiel 11:12; Ezekiel 20:42, Ezekiel 20:44; Ezekiel 37:13); five times in the middle of a verse (7, 9; Ezekiel 15:7; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 22:22; Ezekiel 37:14); and eleven times at the end of the verse (Ezekiel 6:7; Ezekiel 7:4; Ezekiel 11:10; Ezekiel 12:20; Ezekiel 13:14; Ezekiel 14:8; Ezekiel 20:38; Ezekiel 25:5; Ezekiel 25:35, Ezekiel 25:9; Ezekiel 36:11; Ezekiel 37:6). In two instances, which are thus safe-guarded (see App-93), the verb is feminine. (Ezekiel 13:21, Ezekiel 13:23). Outside Ezekiel it occurs only twice (Exodus 10:2. 1 Kings 20:28). See Ginsburg’s Massorah, vol. i, pp 467, 468, 122, 128. For another formula, see note on Ezekiel 6:10, and Ezekiel 13:9. ye. The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version reads "he": i.e. Israel, I am broken with. Aramaean, Syriac, and Vulgate read "I have broken". whorish: i.e. idolatrous. evils. Hebrew. nI’s’. App-44. they shall know that I am the LORD. This expression occurs again in Ezekiel 6:14; Ezekiel 12:15; Ezekiel 20:26; Ezekiel 30:8; Ezekiel 30:32, Ezekiel 30:15. Other similar passages outside Ezekiel are, first, Exodus 7:5. Leviticus 23:43 (reference to Pentateuch); then 1 Samuel 17:44, 1 Samuel 17:47. 1 Kings 8:43; 1 Kings 18:37. 2 Chronicles 6:33. Psalms 59:13; Psalms 83:18; Psalms 109:27. Isaiah 19:12; Isaiah 41:20; Isaiah 46:6; Jeremiah 31:34. See Ginsburg’s Massorah, vol. i, 118, 134, 135, 137. the house of Israel See note on Exodus 16:31. sweet savour = savour of appeasement, or, rest. So will I: or, And I will. stretch out My hand. Reference to Pentateuch (Exodus 7:6, &c.) Diblath = Diblathaim (Numbers 33:46. Jeremiah 48:22). A Massoretic note records the fact that some MSS, read Riblah"; but many codices, with ten early printed editions, Aramaean, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "Diblah". the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. son of man. See note on Ezekiel 2:1. the Lord GOD = Adonai Jehovah. See note on Ezekiel 2:4. the land of Israel = the soil or ground of Israel. ’Ad math Israel, not ’eretz, as in the next clause. See note on Ezekiel 11:17. An end . . . the end . . . the end. The Figure of speech Repetitio for emphasis. Compare verses: Ezekiel 2:3. See App-6. the land. Hebrew. ’eretz. Mine eye. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6. ye shall know, &c. See note on Ezekiel 6:7. An end . . . the end . . . it watcheth. Figure of speech Paronomasia. App-6. Hebrew. kez . . . hakez, : . . . hekes. it = she. Note the sudden change of gender, referring to "the morning" of Ezekiel 7:7. The morning is come = The turn (or circle) hath come round. sounding again. Occurs only here. An evil, an only evil. Figure of speech Epizeuxis. App-6. evil = calamity. Hebrew. raa. App-44. only = sole. Some codices, with four early printed editions and Aramaean, read "calamity after calamity", reading ’ahar (after) instead of ’ahad behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. the rod hath blossomed: i.e. Nebuchadnezzar’s sceptre is ready. pride = insolence, or presumption: i.e. Israel’s sin, which has called for the judgment. a rod of wickedness: i.e. a rod to punish the wickedness. Genitive of Relation. App-17. wickedness = lawlessness. Hebrew rasha. App-44. neither shall there be wailing for them. Some codices, with four early printed editions, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "no rest for them". to that: i.e. to the possession. although they were yet alive: i.e. at the time of the redemption, when, at the jubilee, the property sold would come back to the seller. Ref to Pentateuch (Leviticus 25). App-92. the vision: or, indignation, if chardn is read for chazan, "wrath"; i.e. ? = R for? = D, as in Ezekiel 7:12 and Ezekiel 7:14. strengthen himself in the iniquity of his life : or, no man by his iniquity shall strengthen his life. iniquity. Hebrew. avah. App-44. They have blown. Some codices, with Septuagint, and Vulgate, read "Blow ye". The sword. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6, for war. The sword is without. Reference to Pentateuch, (Deuteronomy 32:25). iniquity. As in Ezekiel 7:13 but here is put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Effect), App-6, for the judgment which was the consequence of it. baldness. A sign of mourning. deliver = rescue. souls = cravings of their animal nature. Hebrew. nepheah. App-13. it: i.e. His Sanctuary, or His holy city Jerusalem. and. Some codices, with Syriac and Vulgate, read this "and" in the text = "and their". strangers = foreigners. wicked = lawless. Hebrew. rasha’, App-44. pollute = profane. Make a chain. The sign of captivity, answering to the other sign in Ezekiel 7:11 - ("q"). bloody crimes = crimes of bloodshed i.e. capital crimes. heathen = nations. the strong. The Septuagint evidently read `uzzam, instead of `uzzim ("the fierce ones"), Compare Ezekiel 24:21. holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. Destruction: or, Cutting off. Mischiefs = Calamity. Hebrew. chavah. shall come. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 32:23). rumour = hearing. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6, for what is heard. upon = after; but a special reading called Sevir (App-34), reads "upon". This is followed by Authorized Version and Revised Version. they seek. But in vain. See Ezekiel 7:25. the law. This was the special province of the priest (Deuteronomy 17:8-13; Deuteronomy 33:10), as the vision was that of the prophet, and counsel that of elders. Compare Jeremiah 18:18. ancients = elders. desolation. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6, for rent garments, which were the outward expression of inward grief. deserts = judgments, Compare Ezekiel 7:23. they shall know, &c. See note on Ezekiel 6:10, the sixth year, &c. See table on p. 1105. fifth. Some codices read "first". the elders of Judah: i.e. of’ the Jewish colony at Tel = Abib (Ezekiel 3:15). the hand. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6. the Lord GOD. Hebrew Adonai Jehovah. See note on Ezekiel 2:4. lo. Figure of speech Asteriemos. App-6. Fire = a man. So the Septuagint, reading "ish (App-14) instead of ’esh = fire. the spirit. Probably an angel. See below. Heb, ruach. App-9. me. Emph.: i.e. Ezekiel himself, as Philip. Compare 1 Kings 18:12. 2 Kings 2:16. Acts 8:39. 2 Corinthians 12:2, 2 Corinthians 12:4. Revelation 1:10; Revelation 4:2; Revelation 17:3; Revelation 17:21, Revelation 17:10. Compare Ezekiel 11:24, Ezekiel 11:25; Ezekiel 40:2, Ezekiel 40:3. the visions of God: i, e. the visions given him by God. The Genitive of Origin (App-17.) God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. to Jerusalem: i.e. to the actual city itself, not a vision of it. door. entrance. jealousy. Pat by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Effect), App-6, for the effect produced by it, as explained in the next clause. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 4:16). App-92. Elsewhere only in 2 Chronicles 33:7, 2 Chronicles 33:15. provoketh to jealousy. Reference to Pentateuch (Exodus 20:5 Deuteronomy 32:16), App-92. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. the glory, &c. See note on Ezekiel 1:28. the God of Israel. See note on Isaiah 29:23, plain = valley. Son of man. See note on Ezekiel 2:1. seeest thou . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6. abominations. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause), App-6, for the idols and the sin of idolatry which Jehovah abominated. the house of Israel. See note on Exodus 16:31. I should go far off. Literally to a removal far away: i.e. that they (or I) should remove, &c. a = one: i.e. a single, or certain; as though it were mysterious or remarkable. abominable. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 7 and Leviticus 11). Elsewhere only in Isaiah 66:17. App-92. beasts. This animal = worship was part of Egyptian idolatry. idols = manufactured gods. seventy. The number of the elders. See Numbers 11:18. 2 Chronicles 19:8. Jeremiah 26:17, men. Hebrew. ’ish. App-14. ancients = elders. Contrast Exodus 24:1, &c. Jaazaniah. His father, Shaphan, had taken part in Josiah’s reformation (2 Kings 22:8, &c.) Two of his sons were friendly to Jeremiah (Ahikam, Jeremiah 26:24; and Gemariah, Ezekiel 36:10, Ezekiel 36:25). Another Jaazaniah is mentioned in Ezekiel 11:1. in the dark. This was a special feature of this animal idolatry. The LORD seeth us not: or, there is no Jehovah seeing us. Compare Ezekiel 9:9. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. Tammuz. With Art. An idol personifying vegetable and animal life, worshipped in Phoenicia and Babylonia. between the porch and the altar. The place appointed for the priests. five and twenty. The number of the heads of the twenty-four courses of the priests. their backs toward the temple. Because their faces were toward the sun-rising. worshipped the sun. This form of idolatry seen as early as Job 31:26, Job 31:27; and foreseen in Deuteronomy 4:19; adopted as early as Asa (2 Chronicles 14:5); abolished by Josiah (2 Kings 23:5, 2 Kings 23:11). the. Some codices, with three early printed editions, read "all the". Lo. Figure of speech Asterismce. App-6. the branch = the Asherah (App-42), represented by a branch out to a certain shape. their. This is one of the eighteen emendations of the Sepherim (App-33), by which they record their change of’aphphi (My nostrils) of the primitive text, to’ aphpham (their nostrils), in order to remove what was thought to be an indelicate and derogatory Anthropomorphism. Mine eye. Mine ears. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 13:8). App-92. See Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 7:4, Ezekiel 7:9; Ezekiel 9:5; and compare Jeremiah 21:7. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6. He cried, &c. Contrast "though they cry", &c. (Ezekiel 8:18) every man. Hebrew. ’ish. App-14. destroying = dashing (in pieces). weapon. A various reading called Sevir. (App-34), with some codices, four early printed editions, Septuagint, and Syriac, reads "weapons" (plural) behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. six men. Evidently supernatural. Angels are often called "men". men. Heb, plural of enosh. App-14. man. Hebrew. ’ish. App-14. weapon. A various reading called Sevir, with some codices, one early printed edition, and Syriac, reads weapons (plural) a writer’s inkhorn. See Ezekiel 9:41. Seen in use in the East to this day. the glory, &c. See note on Ezekiel 1:28. the God of Israel. See note on Isaiah 29:23. God. Hebrew. Elohin, App-4. cherub. Singular, as in Ezekiel 1:20. He: or, It. the house: i.e. the Temple building. the man clothed with linen. Compare Daniel 10:5, Daniel 10:6. Revelation 1:13. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. set a mark. Compare Revelation 7:3; Revelation 9:4; Revelation 13:16, Revelation 13:17; Revelation 20:4. mark. Hebrew Occurs elsewhere only in Job 31:35. spare = shield. begin at My sanctuary. Compare Isaiah 10:12. Jeremiah 25:29; Jeremiah 49:12. Malachi 3:5. 1 Peter 4:17. ancient = elders. I fell upon my face. See note on Ezekiel 1:28. Ah. Figure of speech Ecphonesis. App-6. Lord GOD. Hebrew. Adonai Jehovah. App-4. See note on Ezekiel 2:4. iniquity. Hebrew `avnh, App-44. exceeding great. Figure of speech Epizeuxis. App-6. Hebrew = "great, by degree, degree", Hath forsaken. See Ezekiel 8:12. Mine eye, &c. See note on Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 5:7, Ezekiel 5:4; Ezekiel 8:18. according as. Some codices, with three early printed editions, read "according to all which". behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-8. firmament = expanse. Compare Ezekiel 1:22. a sapphire stone. Compare Ezekiel 1:26. Exodus 24:10. man. Hebrew. ’ish. App-14. Not the same word in verses: Ezekiel 10:8, Ezekiel 10:14, Ezekiel 10:21. Ish is used of the man clothed with linen. between = amid. the wheels = the whirling [wheels]. The word here and in verses: Ezekiel 10:6-13 is galgal. Not the same word as in verses: Ezekiel 10:6, Ezekiel 10:9, Ezekiel 10:10, Ezekiel 10:12, Ezekiel 10:13-; Ezekiel 10:19, and chs. Ezekiel 1:15 and Ezekiel 11:22. In these it is orphan, from aphan, to turn round: as in Exodus 14:25, &c. Galgal occurs in Psalms 77:18 (in the heaven); Ezekiel 83:13. Ecclesiastes 12:6. Isaiah 5:28; Isaiah 17:13. Jeremiah 47:3; and Ezekiel 23:24; Ezekiel 26:10. Daniel 7:9 (Chaldean). scatter = toss. the cloud, &c. It was here as in Exodus 19:9; Exodus 24:15, Exodus 24:16, Exodus 24:18, Numbers 9:19; Numbers 12:10. 1 Kings 8:10, the glory, &c. See note on Ezekiel 1:28. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. filled, he. As in 1 Kings 8:10, sound: i.e. their movement, as though about to depart in flight. Compare Ezekiel 10:18. GOD. Hebrew. ’El Shaddai. App-4. the wheels = the wheel. Hebrew ’ophan. See note on Ezekiel 10:2 one: or, the. man’s = human. Hebrew. ’adam. App-14. The same word as in Ezekiel 10:14; Ezekiel 10:21. Not the same as in verses: Ezekiel 10:2, Ezekiel 10:3, Ezekiel 10:6. beryl stone stone of Tarshish, the head = one head (singular), even the wheels, &c.: or, to the four of them belonged their wheels. O wheel: or, Roll, roll; as implying urgency and celerity for the accomplishment of all that was sym bolized by the imagery of this chapter. Same word as in Ezekiel 10:2. See note. a cherub the cherub, identifying it with that of Eze 10:7. cherubims, Hebrew. shervbim, plural; Eng. plural = cherubs. lifted up. To bear away the symbol of the Divine presence. living creature, Singular. spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. departed. This is what is signified by this chapter. in Ezekiel 43:1-7, &c., it is seen to return when Israel shall again be restored. The latter will be as literal as the former. off = over. every one: or [the whole]. the God of Israel. See note on Isaiah 29:23. God. Hebrew. Elohim, App-4. the cherubims: i.e. which he had seen in Ezekiel 1. every one. Hebrew. ish (App-14), as in Ezekiel 10:2, Ezekiel 10:3, Ezekiel 10:6. spirit. As in Ezekiel 2:2. Hebrew. ruach, App-9. See note on Ezekiel 8:3. the east gate. Compare Ezekiel 43:1. the LORD’S. Hebrew. Jehovah.s. App-4. door = entrance. five and twenty men. These are not the same as in Ezekiel 8:16, but were princes of the People, a title never given to priests, who were called "princes of the sanctuary" (Isaiah 43:28). They were probably those referred to in Jeremiah 38:4. men. Hebrew Ish App-14. Jaazaniah. Not the same as in Ezekiel 8:11. Son of man. See note on Ezekiel 2:1. men. Plural of Hebrew. ’enosh. App-14. mischief = vanity. Hebrew. ’amen. App-44. wicked = evil. Hebrew ra’a’. App-44. this city = it (or she), as in verses: Ezekiel 11:7, Ezekiel 11:11. prophesy . . . prophesy. Figure of speech Epizeuxis (App-6), for emphasis. mind = spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. the Lord GOD. Hebrew. Adonai Jehovah. See note on Ezekiel 2:4. but I will bring you forth. A special various reading called Sevir (App-34), with some codices and two early printed editions (one Rabbinic), read "when I take you". Ye have feared, &c. Compare Jeremiah 42:16. I will bring a sword, &c. See note on Ezekiel 5:17. saith the LORD = [is] Adonai Jehovah’s oracle. strangers = foreigners. in the border of Israel: i.e. at Riblah, in the extreme north of the land (2 Kings 25:18-21. Jeremiah 52:24-27). Compare Ezekiel 11:11. ye shall know, &c. See note on Ezekiel 6:7. statutes . . . judgments. See note on Deuteronomy 4:1. have done after the manners, &c. Reference to Pentateuch, (Leviticus 18:3, Leviticus 18:4. Deuteronomy 12:30, Deuteronomy 12:31). App-92. heathen = nations. fell I down, Re. See note on Ezekiel 1:28. Ah. Figure of speech Epchonesis. App-6. a full end. Compare Jeremiah 4:27; Jeremiah 5:10, Jeremiah 5:18. the remnant of Israel. Compare Ezekiel 9:8. thy brethren . . . thy brethren. Figure of speech Epizeuxis. App-6. kindred = redemption. I have scattered, &c. Compare Jeremiah 30:11; Jeremiah 31:10, &c. will I be = will become. as a little sanctuary = a sanctuary for a little while. sanctuary = as a holy place, or asylum, as in Isaiah 8:14. I will even gather you, Compare Jeremiah 31:10. Reference to Pentateuch, (Deuteronomy 30:3). App-92. people = peoples. the land of Israel. Here, "the land", in Hebrew is ’admath (adamah) = the soil of Israel, This expression occurs seventeen times in Ezekiel (Ezekiel 11:17; Ezekiel 12:12 Ezekiel 19:22; Ezekiel 13:9; Ezekiel 18:2; Ezekiel 20:38, Ezekiel 20:42; Ezekiel 21:3 (Hebrew - Ezekiel 11:8); Ezekiel 25:3, Ezekiel 25:6; Ezekiel 33:24; Ezekiel 36:6; Ezekiel 37:1 Ezekiel 37:2; Ezekiel 38:18, Ezekiel 38:19; "unto the land" Ezekiel 7:2; Ezekiel 21:3 (Hebrew. Ezekiel 11:8). The three occurrences of the expres sion, with eretz instead of’admath, are thus safeguarded by the Massorah: viz. Ezekiel 27:17; Ezekiel 40:2, Ezekiel 47:18. (See Ginsburg’s Massorah, vol. i, p. 107, 1100) and App-93. I will give, &c. Compare Ezekiel 36:25-27; and Jeremiah 32:39. That they may walk, &c. Reference to Pentateuch, (Deuteronomy 12:30, Deuteronomy 12:31). App-92. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4.