High and green denote Sedecias; low and dry Jechonias, who was exalted at Babylon, while his rival was hurled down from his present high estate. The prophets speak of that as past, which God has decreed. See Jeremias xxii. 30. (Calmet) CHAPTER XVII. Edge. Those in captivity would not allow that they were punished for their own sins: God convinces them of the contrary. (Worthington) --- They knew that he often visited the sins of the fathers upon the children, (Exodus xx. 5., and xxiv. 5.; Calmet) when they also hated him, (Haydock) and that many had suffered for their parents' faults, like those of Saul, David, &c. (Calmet) --- But these were all guilty of original sin at least, and death is not always a real misfortune. (Haydock) --- God seems to allow that the complaints had hitherto had some grounds, (Jeremias xxxi.) but that they should be removed after the captivity, and still more effectually by the death of Christ, who came to redeem sinners, and rejected none. By baptism he cancels original sin, the sour grape, and those who cannot receive it are not innocent. (Calmet) --- God chastises the body, but not the soul of children, for their parents' faults: (Menochius) and this conduct is a trial for them, which may increase their glory. (Haydock) Mine. He insinuates the vocation of the Gentiles and the general redemption. All will be treated according to their works. (Calmet) Mountains: of the sacrifices there offered to idols; (Challoner) or partaken in their usual feasts. Some irregularly worshipped God in these high places, under many pious kings; and were tolerated, (Calmet) though condemned for so doing. (Haydock) --- Woman. The pagans abstained by the light of reason. (Calmet) --- The contrary practice, "it is said," would give rise to lepers or monsters, (St. Jerome) as experience evinces. (Calmet) --- It was forbidden in the Christian Church. (St. Augustine, q. 64. in Leviticus xx. 18.; St. Gregory, resp. 10. ad Aug.) (Calmet) --- But no such questions are now asked. The prophet insists on this no more, ver. 11, 15. Wronged. Literally, "constristated." (Haydock) --- Hebrew, "oppressed," maliciously. Increase more than what he lent, on any pretext. (St. Jerome) (Calmet) Robber. Hebrew, "breaker;" rude and lawless. Septuagint, "pestilent." Abomination. This refers to the woman, (ver. 6.) or to idolatry. Him. He alone is answerable, and shall suffer. Sinneth. God never acted otherwise, though the Jews seem to have thought so. Temporal afflictions are the source of merit, and generally fall to the share of the saints, particularly under the new law. Penance. The end determines all. If a person be then found just or unjust at his departure, he will be treated accordingly. (Worthington) Will. God sincerely wishes that the sinner should be converted. If he refuse grace, it is only in punishment of former transgressions. (St. Augustine, ep. 217.) --- He wills antecedently their salvation, (1 Timothy ii. 4.) though he has a consequent will to punish them, as they speak in the schools, because they themselves will not be saved. (Sanctius) (Calmet) --- God's absolute will is always fulfilled, not that which is conditional. (St. John Damascene, Fide ii. 29.; St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae p. 1. q. 19. a. 6.) --- He does enough by offering his graces and the death of Christ, to shew that his will is sincere; though by a consequent will his justice punishes the impenitent. Thus a virtuous judge would have all to observe the laws and live: but finding some transgress, so as to become pernicious, he punishes them with death. (Worthington) CHAPTER XVIII. Remembered, to procure him pardon; yet he will suffer less than if he had never done any good. (Calmet) Not right, in thus punishing or rewarding for the last act; (Theodoret) or rather, God shews that those who complain are guilty. Alive. Mortal sin destroys that life of grace. (Calmet) Do penance. This is requisite, as well as a change of conduct. (Worthington) New. We can do no good of ourselves: but we are admonished of our free-will, that we may do what we can, and ask for grace. (Council of Trent, Session vi. 5, 11.) (James i. 5., and 2 Corinthians iii. 5.) (St. Augustine, &c.) (Calmet) Princes: sons of Josias, who were so wretched. The latter part of this beautiful canticle, or allegory, (ver. 10.) regards Sedecias. (Calmet) Lioness; Jerusalem (Challoner) which made alliances with the lions, or nations. (Calmet) Whelps; Joachaz, or Sellum, (Challoner) who reigned only three months, like his brother Jechonias. (Haydock) --- The four last kings were all cruel. (Worthington) But. Hebrew, "he was taken in their pit," (Protestants; Haydock) as also [in] ver. 8. Septuagint, "in his or their corruption." We do not read that Joachaz fought, (Calmet) though this passage insinuates as much. (Sanctius) (4 Kings xxiii. 30., &c.) Lions: Joakim. (Challoner) --- He reigned eleven years; but was such a monster, that the prophet does not speak of him or bewail his fate, 4 Kings xxiii. 34., and Jeremias xxii. 19. His words are applicable to Jechonias alone; who was cruel and banished to Babylon, ver. 8. (Calmet) Nations: rovers of Chaldea, Syria, &c., 4 Kings xxiv. 2. (Worthington) --- Wounds. Hebrew, "pit." He was besieged, (4 Kings xxiv. 11.; Calmet) and gave himself up. (Haydock) Blood. She has given birth to many kings. (Menochius) --- The original may be inaccurate, and perhaps should be, "a vine-tree or branch:" (Calmet) cormoc instead of bedammecha. Septuagint read kerimmon, "like a rose-flower," planted, &c. (Haydock) --- He speaks of Sedecias more obscurely. (Calmet) --- The kingdom had flourished under David and Solomon. It afterwards lost its splendour under wicked kings, and all the tribes were removed. (Worthington) Rods. The king had many children, and confided in them, but they were slain. Dry; unfit for vine-trees. He speaks of the prison of Babylon. (Calmet) --- The country was naturally wet. (Haydock) Fire. Ismael, who slew Godolias, was of the royal family, Jeremias xli., &c. (Calmet)