ThisOration was delivered a.d. 372.  Two years earlier Valens had divided Cappadocia into two provinces.  Anthimus, Bishop of Tyana, asserting that the ecclesiastical provinces were regulated by those of the empire, claimed metropolitical rights over the churches of Cappadocia Secunda, in opposition to S. Basil, who had hitherto been metropolitan of the undivided province.  S. Basil, with the intention of vindicating the permanence of his former rights, created a new see at Sasima, on the borders of the two provinces, and with great difficulty prevailed upon S. Gregory to receive consecration as its first Bishop.  S. Gregory, who had “bent his neck, but not his will,” Carmina Hist., xi., 487. was for a long time reluctant to enter upon his Episcopal duties, and at last was prevailed upon by S. Gregory of Nyssa, S. Basil’s brother, to make an attempt to do so.  When, however, he found that Anthimus was prepared to bar his entrance by force of arms, he returned home, definitely resigned his see, and once more betook himself to the life of solitude which he so dearly loved.  Recalled hence, he consented, Ib., 492–525. at his father’s earnest entreaty, to undertake provisionally the duties of Bishop-coadjutor of Nazianzus:  and pronounced this short discourse on the occasion of his installation.