Chapter IV.—The malignity and folly of Satan. And indeed, before the cross was erected, he (Satan) was eager that it should be so; and he “wrought” [for this end] “in the children of disobedience.”839 He wrought in Judas, in the Pharisees, in the Sadducees, in the old, in the young, and in the priests. But when it was just about to be erected, he was troubled, and infused repentance into the traitor, and pointed him to a rope to hang himself with, and taught him [to die by] strangulation. He terrified also the silly woman, disturbing her by dreams; and he, who had tried every means to have the cross prepared, now endeavoured to put a stop to its erection;840 not that he was influenced by repentance on account of the greatness of his crime (for in that case he would not be utterly depraved), but because he perceived his own destruction [to be at hand]. For the cross of Christ was the beginning of his condemnation, the beginning of his death, the beginning of his destruction. Wherefore, also, he works in some that they should deny the cross, be ashamed of the passion, call the death an appearance, mutilate and explain away the birth of the Virgin, and calumniate the [human] nature841 itself as being abomin- able. He fights along with the Jews to a denial of the cross, and with the Gentiles to the ca- lumniating of Mary,842 who are heretical in holding that Christ possessed a mere phantasmal body.843 For the leader of all wickedness assumes manifold844 forms, beguiler of men as he is, inconsistent, and even contradicting himself, projecting one course and then following another. For he is wise to do evil, but as to what good may be he is totally ignorant. And indeed he is full of ignorance, on account of his voluntary want of reason: for how can he be deemed anything else who does not perceive reason when it lies at his very feet? 839 Eph. ii. 2. 840 [This is the idea worked out by St. Bernard. See my note (supra) suffixed to the Syriac Epistle to Ephesians.] 841 The various Gnostic sects are here referred to, who held that matter was essentially evil, and therefore denied the reality of our Lord’s incarnation. 842 The ms. has μαγείας, “of magic;” we have followed the emendation proposed by Faber. 843 Literally, “heretical in respect to phantasy.” 844 Literally, is “various,” or “manifold.” Chapter IV.—The malignity and folly of Satan. 320 Chapter IV.—The malignity and folly of Satan.