2. ἀπὸθεοῦπατρόςκτλ.] These words, though unauthentic in 1 Thessalonians 1:1, form part of the true text here, and, as in all subsequent Pauline Epp., carry back the customary greeting χάριςκ. εἰρήνη to its ultimate source. Both subjects θεοῦπατρός and κυρ. Ἰης. Χρ. are under the government of the same preposition ἀπό, and any distinction between them therefore as the ‘ ultimate’ and the ‘ mediating’ channel of grace and peace (as Findlay), however true in reality, is out of place here. In 2 John 1:3 the same relation is brought out by the repeated παρά ... παρά, which can hardly be distinguished from ἀπό in this connexion, though in accordance with its general sense it may help to draw attention to the passage from the giver to the receiver (cf. Lft. on Galatians 1:12). The addition of ἡμῶν after πατρός is well attested (àAG … Vg Go Bob Syrr), but in accordance with BDP 17 is omitted by WH. Its insertion was doubtless due to its frequent presence in corresponding Pauline formulas.