Letter LXXXVIII.
To Paschasinus, Bishop of
Lilybæum.
Leo, the bishop, to Paschasinus, bishop of
Lilybæum.
I.
He sends a copy of the Tome and still
further explains the heterodoxy of Eutyches.
Although I doubt not all the sources of scandal
are fully known to you, brother, which have arisen in the churches of
the East about the Incarnation of our
Lord
Jesus Christ, yet, lest anything might have chanced to escape your
care, I have despatched for your attentive perusal and study our
letter
422
, which deals with this matter in the
fullest way, which we sent to Flavian of holy memory, and which the
universal Church has accepted; in order that, understanding how
completely this whole blasphemous error has with
God’s
aid been destroyed, you yourself also in your
love towards
God
may show the same spirit, and
know that they are utterly to be abhorred, who, following the blasphemy
and madness of Eutyches, have dared to say there are not two natures,
i.e. perfect Godhead and perfect manhood, in our
Lord
, the only-begotten Son of
God
, who took upon Himself to restore mankind; and think
they can deceive our wariness by saying they believe the one nature of
the Word to be Incarnate, whereas the Word of
God
in the Godhead of the Father, and of Himself, and of
the Holy Spirit has indeed one nature; but when He took on Him the
reality of our flesh, our nature also was united to His unchangeable
substance: for even Incarnation could not be spoken of, unless
the Word took on Him the flesh. And this taking on of
flesh forms so complete a
union, that not only in the blessed Virgin’s child-bearing, but
also in her conception, no division must be imagined between the
Godhead and the life-endowed flesh
423
, since in
the unity of person the Godhead and the manhood came together both in
the conception and in the childbearing of the Virgin.
II.
Eutyches might have been warned by
the fate of former heretics.
A like blasphemy, therefore, is to be abhorred in
Eutyches, as was once condemned and overthrown by the Fathers in former
heretics: and their example ought to have benefited this foolish
fellow, in putting him on his guard against that which he could not
grasp by his own sense, lest he should render void the peerless mystery
of our salvation by denying the reality of human flesh in our
Lord
Jesus Christ. For, if there is not
in Him true and perfect human nature, there is no taking of us upon
Him, and the whole of our belief and teaching according to his heresy
is emptiness and lying. But because the Truth does not lie and
the Godhead is not passible, there abides in
God
the Word both substances in one Person, and the Church
confesses her Saviour in such a way as to acknowledge Him both
impassible in Godhead and passible in flesh, as says the Apostle,
“although He was crucified through (our) weakness, yet He lives
by the power of
God
424
.”
III.
He sends quotations from the
Fathers, and announces that the churches of the East have accepted the
Tome.
And in order that you may be the fuller instructed
in all things, beloved, I have sent you certain quotations from our
holy Fathers, that you may clearly gather what they felt and what they
preached to the churches about the mystery of the
Lord’s
Incarnation, which quotations our deputies
produced at Constantinople also together with our epistle. And
you must understand that the whole church of Constantinople, with all
the monasteries and many bishops, have given their assent to it, and by
their subscription have anathematized Nestorius and Eutyches with their
dogmas. You must also understand that I have recently received
the bishop of Constantinople’s letter, which states that the
bishop of Antioch has sent instructions to all the bishops throughout
his provinces, and gained their assent to my epistle, and their
condemnation of Nestorius and Eutyches in like manner.
IV.
He asks him to settle the discrepancy
between the Alexandrine and the Roman calculation of Easter for
455
, by consulting the proper authority.
This also we think necessary to enjoin upon your
care that you should diligently inquire in those quarters where you are
sure of information concerning that point in the reckoning of Easter,
which we have found in the table
425
of Theophilus,
and which greatly exercises us, and that you should discuss with those
who are learned in such calculations, as to the date, when the day of
the
Lord’s
resurrection should be held
four years hence. For, whereas the next Easter is to be held by
God’s
goodness on March 23rd, the year
after on April 12th, the year after that on April 4th, Theophilus of
holy memory has fixed April 24th to be observed in 455, which we find
to be quite contrary to the rule of the Church; but in our Easter
cycles
426
as you know very well, Easter that year is
set down to be kept on April 17th. And therefore, that all our
doubts may be removed, we beg you carefully to discuss this point with
the best authorities, that for the future we may avoid this kind of
mistake. Dated June 24th in the consulship of the illustrious
Adelfius (451).
422
Sc. Letter XXVIII.
(Tome).
423
Caro
animata
.
424
2 Cor. xiii. 4
.
425
His
Laterculum
Pashale
is meant, in which he calculated Easter for 100 years from
375. A similar dispute had ocurred in 444, in which we have S.
Cyril’s and Paschasinus’ Letters (II and III. of series) to
Leo, but not Leo’s answers.
426
The Latin Easter
cycles were calculated for 84 years.