PSALM CX. ( TIBI DOMINE.) God is to be praised for his graces, and benefits to his Church. Gentiles. Under Josue, or rather in the days of the gospel. (Berthier) (1 Peter i. 3.) --- Judgment. He will perform his promises, and chastise the guilty. (Calmet) Equity. Here we have the conditions of a just law. (Berthier) --- Those who keep God's commandments are justified. (Worthington) Redemption. Under Moses, Cyrus, and Jesus Christ, of whose redemption the former were figures. (Calmet) --- Christ redeemed man, in order that he might be able to observe the law. (Worthington) --- Terrible. Holy to the just, and terrible to sinners. (St. Jerome) --- Most are lost by too much security. (St. Chrysostom, hom. xix.) --- The Hebrews treat the name of God with a respect, which might appear superstitious, (Calmet) as they will not blot it out, or lean upon the book where it is written, &c. (Schikard, Jus. ii.) (Theor. v. 6.) --- The Turks have nearly the same regard for the Koran, which should make Christians ashamed of their irreverence and want of faith. Fear. Hebrew, "is the chief part of wisdom." (Jansenius) --- This fear intimates the virtue of religion, to which the Israelites gave the preference over prudence, &c. (Josephus, contra App. 2.) --- This distinguished them from other nations, Deuteronomy iv. 8. (Calmet) --- Fear is the beginning, charity the end of wisdom. (Eusebius) --- Beginning with fear, we ascend to true wisdom, which are the first and last of the gifts of the Holy Ghost. (Worthington) --- Do it. Act conformably to this fear. (Haydock) --- Speculative wisdom is good, but not sufficient, Romans xi. 13. (St. Chrysostom, &c.) --- Many read ea, "those things," with the Hebrew, while the Septuagint have eam, this wisdom. But Houbigant adheres to the Vulgate. (Berthier) --- His. God's, (St. Chrysostom) though some would refer ejus to intellectus. (Berthier) --- He shall be praised for ever who has been so well informed as to adopt the fear or wisdom of the Lord for his guide. (Haydock) Of the returning, &c. This is in the Greek and Latin, but not in the Hebrew. It signifies, that his psalm was proper to be sung at the time of the return of the people from their captivity: to inculcate to them, how happy they might be, if they would be constant in the service of God. (Challoner) --- Yet all Greek copies have not this title, (Haydock) but only Alleluia, with the Hebrew, Syriac, &c. --- It might be composed by Agg\'e6us, &c., as it relates to the captivity, (ver. 4.) and to the overthrow of Babylon, (ver. 10.; Calmet) or David might thus describe the happiness of the virtuous, (Berthier) and give the captives to understand, that sin was the source of all temporal as well as spiritual miseries. (Worthington) --- Delight. We must love God for his own sake. (St. Chrysostom) --- Those who sincerely fear God, will take great delight in keeping his commandments. (Worthington) Earth. Temporal rewards were proposed to the carnal Jews; but the more enlightened knew what was to be most desired. They sought after the riches, mentioned by the apostle, 1 Corinthians i. 5., and 1 Timothy vi. 18. (Calmet) --- The just and their seed shall prosper, (Worthington) at least in the next world. (Haydock) Justice. Or mercy shall be for ever remembered by en, and rewarded by God. (Calmet) Darkness. Christ appeared when the world was most corrupt. (St. Augustine) --- God rescued his people from captivity. --- He is. St. Augustine and St. Chrysostom add, "The Lord God is," &c., in which sense this is commonly explained, (Calmet) though it may also refer to the just man. (Haydock) Acceptable. Literally, "joyful." Greek: Chrestos, "beneficent." (Haydock) --- Give, and it shall be given to you. [Luke vi. 38. (Menochius) --- Judgment. And by liberal alms, prepared for the great accounting day. (St. Chrysostom) --- He will say nothing indiscreetly, nor throw pearls before swine; (Matthew vii. 6.; St. Jerome) neither will he condemn others rashly, (Calmet) but give prudent advice to the afflicted. (Worthington) Hearing. Though detraction may assail him, he shall not fear, (Calmet) since God is the judge. (Haydock) --- He shall have no cause to apprehend being condemned, (St. Jerome) nor be disturbed about "news," because his goods are in a place of safety, (St. Chrysostom, &c.) where thieves cannot steal. (Haydock) Until. Not that he will be disturbed afterwards, (Psalm cix. 1.; Calmet) when his enemies shall be punished. (Haydock) --- The captives saw the fall of Babylon. (Calmet) Poor. We must know whom we ought to relieve. Though we may be allowed to retain what is necessary, (2 Corinthians viii. 13., and ix. 11.) yet the saints have often very laudably stripped themselves, to clothe others, abandoning perishable goods, that they might obtain heaven. (Calmet) --- Justice. Works of mercy are so called, because they concur to man's justification. (Worthington) --- Horn. Power, &c. Cyrus, and the best of his successors, honoured the Jews. (Calmet) --- The liberality of the just towards the indigent, is far more glorious than that which prompts the vain to give shews, &c. (St. Chrysostom) --- The praise of the latter is presently at an end. (Berthier) PSALM CXI. (BEATUS VIR.) The good man is happy. The wicked. The devil, enraged to see the converts to Christianity, (St. Athanasius) or the Jews, (St. Chrysostom) instigated by him. (Haydock) --- All the damned shall rapine at the happiness of the elect, (St. Augustine) as the Babylonians did, when they beheld the prosperity of those who had been captives. (Calmet) Alleluia. The Jews style this, and the five following psalms, "the great Alleluia," which they sing after eating the paschal lamb. Eusebius adds, "a psalm of Agg\'e6us and Zacharias," as it seems to speak of the captives, who return thanks for their deliverance; (Isaias xlv. 6., &c. Calmet) or David has left this model of thanksgiving for all. (Berthier) --- Children. Hebrew, "slaves." (Menochius) --- The Greek and Latin may signify both. (Haydock) --- He addresses the Levites, who were addicted to God's service, or the new converts, who were become docile like little children, (1 Peter ii. 2., and Psalm viii. 3.; Calmet) and in a word, (Haydock) all God's servants. (Worthington) Same. All the day long, (Calmet) or rather in all places. (Muis) (Malachias i. 10.) (St. Chrysostom) Earth. Providence watches over all, Psalm cxxxvii. 6. (Haydock) --- With respect to God, even those who are in heaven are low. (Worthington) Poor. Jesus Christ and his servants, as well as Joseph, Mardochai, &c., 1 Kings ii. 8., and Luke i. 51. (Calmet) Children. Anna and Elizabeth, who were naturally barren, were blessed with what they so eagerly desired, by the divine power. (Haydock) --- It may be understood of the Gentile world, after it had embraced the faith, (St. Jerome; Galatians iv. 17.; St. Chrysostom) or of the captives, (Isaias lvi. 1., and xlix. 21., and Psalm lxvii. 7.; Calmet) though Isaias may also refer to the Church. (Haydock) --- Joseph was wonderfully advanced in glory, and Sara, Rebecca, &c., were made fruitful. PSALM CXII. (LAUDATE PUERI.) God is to be praised, for his regard to the poor and humble. Alleluia. This word is placed at the end of the preceding psalm in Hebrew, though it seems to have been there originally, (Haydock) as [in] ver. 2., we find his, with reference to "the Lord," who has not been otherwise mentioned before. (Houbigant) --- The psalm may be joined with the former to ver. 9, when the Hebrew begins a fresh one, relating to the captives, with the two which follow. (Calmet) the division is of no great importance, (Berthier) and we cannot easily decide whether it be here necessary. (Haydock) --- The Hebrew copies have not been always uniform, no more than the Greek in this place. (Calmet) --- Barbarous. Cruel, (Berthier) or which spoke a language unknown to them. (Symmachus and Aquila) --- Barbarus his ego sum, quia non intelligor ulli. (Ovid de Pont.) (1 Corinthians xiv. 11.) --- The Greeks styled all others barbarians, (Fest.) as the Egyptians did. (Herodotus ii.) --- Joseph at first did not understand the language of the latter, (Psalm lxxx. 6.) and spoke to his brethren by an interpreter, Genesis xlii. 22. Lohez, denotes one who speaks an unknown tongue, which Chaldean expresses by the word borbra, "a stranger, or desert." (Calmet) --- Infidels, and those who persecute the true religion, are styled barbarous, though otherwise the Egyptians were very polite and learned. (Worthington) Judea. Hebrew, "Juda," though the sense of the Vulgate is very good, (Berthier) as that country which had been so abandoned, became holy, when God's people dwelt there. (St. Chrysostom) --- After the departure from Egypt, the Israelites were more known as God's inheritance, over whom he reigned. (Worthington) (Exodus xix. 6.) --- Hence He complains, when they asked for a king, (1 Kings viii. 7.) though the throne is still called the Lord's, 1 Paralipomenon xxix. 23. The distinction of Juda and Israel insinuates that the kingdom had been divided. (Calmet) --- But this had taken place for a time, after the death of Saul. (Haydock) Saw. He speaks in a poetical manner. All creatures obey God's will. (Worthington) Skipped. Through joy, exultaverunt, (Haydock) or rather through fear, ver. 7. (Calmet) --- There was an earthquake, not specified by Moses; or the psalmist speaks of what took place at Ar, (Numbers xxi. 15.; Worthington) unless he alludes to the waters of the Jordan, rising up like mountains. (Menochius) Waters. They are mentioned twice, as referring to different miracles, Exodus xvii. 6., and Numbers xx. 8. Inanimate things are introduced, giving this reply; or the psalmist gives it himself. (Berthier) --- He uses the figure prosopopeia, as if senseless things could understand. (Worthington) PSALM CXIII. (IN EXITU ISRAEL.) God hath shewn his power in delivering his people: idols are vain. (The Hebrews divide this into two psalms.) or Hebrew Psalm cxv. Ver. 1. Not. Some Jews here commence the 115th psalm. (Haydock) --- But St. Augustine shews, that this part is well connected with the preceding, the true God being known by his works, while idols are senseless, and therefore can have no pretensions to divine worship. (Worthington) --- It seems that the psalmist would not break off so abruptly, without praising God for his wondrous works, and the Fathers are silent about the present division of the Hebrew, (Berthier) though Eusebius and St. Athanasius had occasion to examine the text, as some Greek copies end here, and others at ver. 12., the idols, &c. --- Glory. We claim no share in these miracles; or we confess our unworthiness, but do thou deliver us. (Calmet) --- Thou hast done these wonders to fulfil thy gracious promises, and to prevent blasphemy. (Worthington)