Chapter 24.—That the Seven Sages
Flourished in the Reign of Romulus, When the Ten Tribes Which Were
Called Israel Were Led into Captivity by the Chaldeans, and
Romulus, When Dead, Had Divine Honors Conferred on Him.
While Romulus reigned, Thales the
Milesian is said to have lived, being one of the seven sages, who
succeeded the theological poets, of whom Orpheus was the most
renowned, and were called
Σοφοί
, that is, sages.
During that time the ten tribes, which on the division of the
people were called Israel, were conquered by the Chaldeans and led
captive into their lands, while the two tribes which were called
Judah, and had the seat of their kingdom in Jerusalem, remained in
the land of Judea. As Romulus, when dead, could nowhere be found,
the Romans, as is everywhere notorious, placed him among the
gods,—a thing which by that time had already ceased to be done,
and which was not done afterwards till the time of the Cæsars, and
then not through error, but in flattery; so that Cicero ascribes
great praises to Romulus, because he merited such honors not in
rude and unlearned times, when men were easily deceived, but in
times already polished and learned, although the subtle and acute
loquacity of the philosophers had not yet culminated. But
although the later times did not deify dead men, still they did not
cease to hold and worship as gods those deified of old; nay, by
images, which the ancients never had, they even increased the
allurements of vain and impious superstition, the unclean demons
effecting this in their heart, and also deceiving them by lying
oracles, so that even the fabulous crimes of the gods, which were
not once imagined by a more polite age, were yet basely acted in
the plays in honor of these same false deities. Numa reigned
after Romulus; and although he had thought that Rome would be
better defended the more gods there were, yet on his death he
himself was not counted worthy of a place among them, as if it were
supposed that he had so crowded heaven that a place could not be
found for him there. They report that the Samian sibyl lived
while he reigned at Rome, and when Manasseh began to reign over the
Hebrews,—an impious king, by whom the prophet Isaiah is said to
have been slain.