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{"author":null,"backreferences":[{"context_html":"<p>Next let us ask, if they please, out of so great a crowd of\r\ngods which the Romans worship, whom in especial, or what<span class=\"pagenum\"><a id=\"Page_144\">[Pg 144]</a></span>\r\ngods they believe to have extended and preserved that empire.\r\nNow, surely of this work, which is so excellent and so very\r\nfull of the highest dignity, they dare not ascribe any part to\r\nthe goddess Cloacina;<a id=\"FNanchor_161_161\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_161_161\">[161]</a> or to Volupia, who has her appellation\r\nfrom voluptuousness; or to Libentina, who has her name from\r\nlust; or to Vaticanus, who presides over the screaming of\r\ninfants; or to Cunina, who rules over their cradles. But\r\nhow is it possible to recount in one part of this book all the\r\nnames of gods or goddesses, which they could scarcely comprise\r\nin great volumes, distributing among these divinities\r\ntheir peculiar offices about single things? They have not\r\neven thought that the charge of their lands should be committed\r\nto any one god: but they have entrusted their farms\r\nto Rusina; the ridges of the mountains to Jugatinus; over\r\nthe downs they have set the goddess Collatina; over the\r\nvalleys, Vallonia. Nor could they even find one Segetia so\r\ncompetent, that they could commend to her care all their corn\r\ncrops at once; but so long as their seed-corn was still under\r\nthe ground, they would have the goddess Seia set over it;\r\nthen, whenever it was above ground and formed straw, they\r\nset over it the goddess Segetia; and when the grain was collected\r\nand stored, they set over it the goddess Tutilina, that\r\nit might be kept safe. Who would not have thought that\r\ngoddess Segetia sufficient to take care of the standing corn\r\nuntil it had passed from the first green blades to the dry ears?\r\nYet she was not enough for men, who loved a multitude of\r\ngods, that the miserable soul, despising the chaste embrace of\r\nthe one true God, should be prostituted to a crowd of demons.\r\nTherefore they set Proserpina over the germinating seeds; over\r\nthe joints and knots of the stems, the god Nodotus; over the\r\nsheaths enfolding the ears, the goddess Volutina; when the\r\nsheaths opened that the spike might shoot forth, it was\r\nascribed to the goddess Patelana; when the stems stood all\r\nequal with new ears, because the ancients described this<span class=\"pagenum\"><a id=\"Page_145\">[Pg 145]</a></span>\r\nequalizing by the term <i>hostire</i>, it was ascribed to the goddess\r\nHostilina; when the grain was in flower, it was dedicated to\r\nthe goddess Flora; when full of milk, to the god Lacturnus;\r\nwhen maturing, to the goddess Matuta; when the crop was\r\nruncated,—that is, removed from the soil,—to the goddess\r\nRuncina. Nor do I yet recount them all, for I am sick of\r\nall this, though it gives them no shame. Only, I have said\r\nthese very few things, in order that it may be understood\r\nthey dare by no means say that the Roman empire has been\r\nestablished, increased, and preserved by their deities, who had\r\nall their own functions assigned to them in such a way, that\r\nno general oversight was entrusted to any one of them.\r\nWhen, therefore, could Segetia take care of the empire, who\r\nwas not allowed to take care of the corn and the trees?\r\nWhen could Cunina take thought about war, whose oversight\r\nwas not allowed to go beyond the cradles of the babies?\r\nWhen could Nodotus give help in battle, who had nothing to\r\ndo even with the sheath of the ear, but only with the knots of\r\nthe joints? Every one sets a porter at the door of his house,\r\nand because he is a man, he is quite sufficient; but these\r\npeople have set three gods, Forculus to the doors, Cardea to\r\nthe hinge, Limentinus to the threshold.<a id=\"FNanchor_162_162\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_162_162\">[162]</a> Thus Forculus could\r\nnot at the same time take care also of the hinge and the\r\nthreshold.</p>","headings":["THE WORKS OF AURELIUS AUGUSTINE,","BOOK FOURTH.","ARGUMENT."],"marker_anchor":null,"paragraph_id":"pg45304-paragraph-286"}],"canonical_references":[],"date_end":null,"date_start":null,"deduplication_fingerprint":"fee71a37865feb287479f3be61c5e9380a621272de4af6383f27b165c1538353","edition_title":"The City of God, Volume I","edition_translators":["Marcus Dods","George Wilson (Book IV)","J. J. Smith (Books V-VIII)"],"edition_year":1871,"explicit_reference_candidates":[],"headings":[],"id":"pg45304-Footnote_161_161","license_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html","public_import_allowed":false,"record_kind":"original-editor-translator-note","review_required":["work and recension attribution","original-work chronology","Bible reference numbering and citation kind","English edition rights and attribution"],"review_status":"needs_review","rights_evidence":"Provider catalog reports public domain in the USA. Original transcription title leaves state T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1871; printed translator allocation retained. Gutenberg credits Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries without an exact scan identifier. Full provider license preserved with acquired original; republication and per-work metadata remain unreviewed.","source_anchor":"Footnote_161_161","source_ebook":45304,"source_html":"<div class=\"footnote\">\n<p><a id=\"Footnote_161_161\"></a><a class=\"pginternal\" href=\"#FNanchor_161_161\"><span class=\"label\">[161]</span></a> Cloacina, supposed by Lactantius (<i>De falsa relig.</i> i. 20), Cyprian (<i>De Idol.\r\nvanit.</i>), and Augustine (<i>infra.</i>, c. 23) to be the goddess of the \"cloaca,\" or sewage\r\nof Rome. Others, however, suppose it to be equivalent to Cluacina, a title given\r\nto Venus, because the Romans after the end of the Sabine war purified themselves\r\n(<i>cluere</i>) in the vicinity of her statue.</p></div>","source_sha256":"d89e9a2b80bb59f394f0fb1bf313b39fab162f06af6642166d62c5912c1195f1","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/45304/pg45304-images.html#Footnote_161_161","text_sha256":"2f5db5f76bf7456685c4186c1449d184438b590e1a6eb7993c68692c50d477d1","verified":false,"work_id":null}references: [] | work_id: | origin: existing-private-derived-record | source: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/45304/pg45304-images.html#Footnote_161_161