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{"author":null,"backreferences":[{"context_html":"<p>This is prescribed by the order of nature: it is thus that\r\nGod has created man. For \"let them,\" He says, \"have\r\ndominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the\r\nair, and over every creeping thing which creepeth on the\r\nearth.\"<a id=\"FNanchor_644_644\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_644_644\">[644]</a> He did not intend that His rational creature, who<span class=\"pagenum\"><a id=\"Page_324\">[Pg 324]</a></span>\r\nwas made in His image, should have dominion over anything\r\nbut the irrational creation,—not man over man, but man over\r\nthe beasts. And hence the righteous men in primitive times\r\nwere made shepherds of cattle rather than kings of men, God\r\nintending thus to teach us what the relative position of the\r\ncreatures is, and what the desert of sin; for it is with justice,\r\nwe believe, that the condition of slavery is the result of sin.\r\nAnd this is why we do not find the word \"slave\" in any part\r\nof Scripture until righteous Noah branded the sin of his son\r\nwith this name. It is a name, therefore, introduced by sin\r\nand not by nature. The origin of the Latin word for slave\r\nis supposed to be found in the circumstance that those who\r\nby the law of war were liable to be killed were sometimes\r\npreserved by their victors, and were hence called servants.<a id=\"FNanchor_645_645\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_645_645\">[645]</a>\r\nAnd these circumstances could never have arisen save through\r\nsin. For even when we wage a just war, our adversaries\r\nmust be sinning; and every victory, even though gained by\r\nwicked men, is a result of the first judgment of God, who\r\nhumbles the vanquished either for the sake of removing or\r\nof punishing their sins. Witness that man of God, Daniel,\r\nwho, when he was in captivity, confessed to God his own sins\r\nand the sins of his people, and declares with pious grief that\r\nthese were the cause of the captivity.<a id=\"FNanchor_646_646\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_646_646\">[646]</a> The prime cause, then,\r\nof slavery is sin, which brings man under the dominion of his\r\nfellow,—that which does not happen save by the judgment of\r\nGod, with whom is no unrighteousness, and who knows how\r\nto award fit punishments to every variety of offence. But our\r\nMaster in heaven says, \"Every one who doeth sin is the servant\r\nof sin.\"<a id=\"FNanchor_647_647\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_647_647\">[647]</a> And thus there are many wicked masters who\r\nhave religious men as their slaves, and who are yet themselves\r\nin bondage; \"for of whom a man is overcome, of the same\r\nis he brought in bondage.\"<a id=\"FNanchor_648_648\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_648_648\">[648]</a> And beyond question it is a\r\nhappier thing to be the slave of a man than of a lust; for even\r\nthis very lust of ruling, to mention no others, lays waste men's\r\nhearts with the most ruthless dominion. Moreover, when men\r\nare subjected to one another in a peaceful order, the lowly\r\nposition does as much good to the servant as the proud position<span class=\"pagenum\"><a id=\"Page_325\">[Pg 325]</a></span>\r\ndoes harm to the master. But by nature, as God first\r\ncreated us, no one is the slave either of man or of sin. This\r\nservitude is, however, penal, and is appointed by that law\r\nwhich enjoins the preservation of the natural order and forbids\r\nits disturbance; for if nothing had been done in violation\r\nof that law, there would have been nothing to restrain by\r\npenal servitude. 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