Chapter 6.—Concerning the Meaning
of the Platonists in that Part of Philosophy Called
Physical.
These philosophers, then, whom we
see not undeservedly exalted above the rest in fame and glory, have
seen that no material body is God, and therefore they have
transcended all bodies in seeking for God. They have seen that
whatever is changeable is not the most high God, and therefore they
have transcended every soul and all changeable spirits in seeking
the supreme. They have seen also that, in every changeable thing,
the form which makes it that which it is, whatever be its mode or
nature, can only
be
through Him who truly
is
, because
He is unchangeable. And therefore, whether we consider the whole
body of the world, its figure, qualities, and orderly movement, and
also all the bodies which are in it; or whether we consider all
life, either that which nourishes and maintains, as the life of
trees, or that which, besides this, has also sensation, as the life
of beasts; or that which adds to all these intelligence, as the
life of man; or that which does not need the support of nutriment,
but only maintains, feels, understands, as the life of
angels,—all can only
be
through Him who absolutely
is
. For to Him it is not one thing to
be
, and another
to live, as though He could
be
, not living; nor is it to Him
one thing to live, and another thing to understand, as though He
could live, not understanding; nor is it to Him one thing to
understand, another thing to be blessed, as though He could
understand and not be blessed. But to Him to live, to understand,
to be blessed, are to
be
. They have understood, from this
unchangeableness and this simplicity, that all things must have
been made by Him, and that He could Himself have been made by
none. For they have considered that whatever
is
is either
body or life, and that life is something better than body, and that
the nature of body is sensible,
and that of life
intelligible. Therefore they have preferred the intelligible
nature to the sensible. We mean by sensible things such things as
can be perceived by the sight and touch of the body; by
intelligible things, such as can be understood by the sight of the
mind. For there is no corporeal beauty, whether in the condition
of a body, as figure, or in its movement, as in music, of which it
is not the mind that judges. But this could never have been, had
there not existed in the mind itself a superior form of these
things, without bulk, without noise of voice, without space and
time. But even in respect of these things, had the mind not been
mutable, it would not have been possible for one to judge better
than another with regard to sensible forms. He who is clever,
judges better than he who is slow, he who is skilled than he who is
unskillful, he who is practised than he who is unpractised; and the
same person judges better after he has gained experience than he
did before. But that which is capable of more and less is
mutable; whence able men, who have thought deeply on these things,
have gathered that the first form is not to be found in those
things whose form is changeable. Since, therefore, they saw that
body and mind might be more or less beautiful in form, and that, if
they wanted form, they could have no existence, they saw that there
is some existence in which is the first form, unchangeable, and
therefore not admitting of degrees of comparison, and in that they
most rightly believed was the first principle of things which was
not made, and by which all things were made. Therefore that which
is known of God He manifested to them when His invisible things
were seen by them, being understood by those things which have been
made; also His eternal power and Godhead by whom all visible and
temporal things have been created.
301
We have said enough upon that
part of theology which they call physical, that is,
natural.
301
Rom. i. 19, 20
.