9. ‘ That this is no idle vaunt you yourselves very well know, for you cannot have forgotten our self-sacrificing labours amongst you, how, even while working night and day for our own maintenance so as not unduly to burden you, we preached to you the Gospel of God.’ 9. μνημονεύετεγάρκτλ.] For μνημονεύω c. acc. see 1:3 note, and for ἀδελφοί see 1:4 note. κόπος (1:3 note) and μόχθος are found together again in 2 Thessalonians 3:8, 2 Corinthians 11:27, the former pointing to the ‘ weariness’ or ‘ fatigue’ resulting from continual labour, the latter rather to the ‘ hardship’ or ‘ struggle’ involved in it. The similarity in sound between the words is well brought out in the rendering ‘ toil and moil’ (Lft.). νυκτ. κ. ἡμ. ἐργαζόμενοι] An explanatory clause which gains in force through the absence of any connecting particle. For the fact cf. Acts 18:3, and for the picture here presented of St Paul’ s missionary activity see Intr. p. 45. It may be noted that νυκτὸςκ. ἡμέρας (gen. of time) is the regular order of the words in St Paul (3:10, 2 Thessalonians 3:8, 1 Timothy 5:5, 2 Timothy 1:3). In the Apocalypse on the other hand we find always ἡμέραςκ. νυκτός (4:8, 7:15 &c.), and so in St Luke (18:7, Acts 9:24). When however St Luke adopts the acc., the order is changed νύκτακ. ἡμέραν (2:37, Acts 20:31; Acts 26:7). πρὸςτὸμὴἐπιβαρῆσαικτλ.] ‘ in order that we might not burden any of you’ : cf. 2 Thessalonians 3:7 ff. for an additional reason for these self-denying labours. The late Gk. ἐπιβαρεῖν is used only figuratively in the N.T. (2 Thessalonians 3:8, 2 Corinthians 2:5) and is nearly = καταβαρεῖν (2 Corinthians 12:16; 2 Corinthians cf.2 Regn. 13:25), though the preposition in ἐπιβαρεῖν is mainly directive (onus imponere), in καταβαρεῖν rather perfective ‘ to weigh a man to the ground.’ For its use in the inscriptions cf. Magn. 113, 15 f. where a certain physician Tyrannus is said to have behaved ὡςμηδέναὑφʼ αὑτοῦπαρὰτὴνἀξίαντοῦκαθʼ ἑαυτὸνμεγέθουςἐπιβεβαρῆσθαι, and for the simple verb βαρεῖν (2 Esdras 15. (5.) 15, 1 Timothy 5:16) in the same sense, cf. I.G.S.I. 830, 15 (Puteoli 2/a.d.) ἵναμὴτὴνπόλινβαρῶμεν. In the late P.Oxy. 126, 8 (6./a.d.) one Stephanous undertakes to ‘ burden herself’ (βαρέσαιτὸἐμὸνὄνομα) with certain imposts hitherto paid by her father. On πρὸςτό with inf. signifying not mere result but subjective purpose see WM. p. 414, Moulton Prolegg. p. 218 ff.