In this chapter we have, 1. Tidings brought David of the death of Saul and Jonathan, ver. 1—10. 2. David's forenoofal resentment of these tidings, ver. 11—12. 3. Justice done upon the messenger who had helped to stay Saul, ver. 13—16. 4. An elegy which David penned upon this occasion, ver. 17—27. 1. Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag: 2. It came even to pass on the third day, that behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul, with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obelisance. 3. And David said unto him, From whence camest thou? And he said unto him, Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped. 4. And David said unto him, How went the matter? I pray thee tell me. And he answered, That the people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead, and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also. 5. And David said unto the young man that told him, 'How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead? 6. And the young man that told him, said, 'As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear: and lo, the Vol. I. chances and horsemen followed hard after him. 7. And before Christ when he looked behind him, he saw me, and called unto me: and I answered, Here am I. 8. And he said unto me, Who art thou? and I answered him, I am an Amalekite. 9. He said unto me again, Stand, I pray thee, upon me, and stay me: for I anguish is come upon me, because my life is yet whole in me. 10. So I stood upon him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen: and I took the crown that was upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord. David had now set himself to repair the defoliations of Ziklag, and this was the third day after his return. When lo! a man arrives, whose rent choths, and the earth upon his head, declare him the messenger of evil. On David's enquiry whence he came, we have, 1. His relation of the root of Israel before the Philistines, with great slaughter in the pursuit; and, among the rest, Saul and Jonathan are fallen, and himself, with difficulty, escaped to bring the news. 2. David enquires particularly about the death of Saul and Jonathan, for whom he was most concerned; and the messenger gives a very explicit account of Saul, waving to speak of Jonathan, because he knew David's affection to him, and his delight was to recommend himself, by being the first to bring him notice of the death of his enemy. Among the fugitives (being a slave probably to some Israelite) he happened to pass by the foot 4. Where Before Chord where Saul was attempting to run himself through; but whether his heart failed, or through the loss of blood exhausted, or unable to pierce his coat of mail, he called to him, enquired his country, and when he found he was not a Philistine, begged him to dispatch him immediately, as in anguish through his wounds, or the apprehension of falling into the hands of the Philistines; with his request he complied, drew his sword and thrust him through, it being impossible he should live, as he must have fallen in the pursuit, or would have given himself another thrust. The generality of commentators conceive this was a made flory, purely to recommend himself, as he thought, to David, and that though he was a spectator, he boasted of that as meritorious, in which he had no hand; but the whole of what he reports may be reconciled very well with the account given before. However, the fact he reported of Saul's death was unquestionably true, as he produces the crown which was on his head, and the bracelet from his arm, and presents them to David, as now his succession in the kingdom. Note, (1.) Anguish often comes on departing firmers, and some foetables of eternal torments seize them on this side the grave. (2.) Men now sometimes think to fly to death, as a relief; but in that miserable world whither they go, they shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them. (3.) The eminence we enjoy, like the crown on Saul's head, makes us but the fairer mark for the arrow of envy. (4.) He who refused to execute judgment on the Amalekites, and flew on their forbidden spoil, himself probably loses his life, and is deprived of the richer designs of royalty, by the hand of an Amalekite. So just doth God appear in his judgments. 11. Then David took hold on his clothes, and sent them, and likewise all the men that were with him. 12. And they mourned and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword. 13. ¶ And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? And he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite. 14. And David said unto him, 'How was thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand, to defray the LORD's anointed? 15. And David called one of the young men, and said, Go near, and fall upon him. And he smote him that he died. 16. And David said unto him, 'Thy blood be upon thy head: 'for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD's anointed. Far other than the Amalekite expected, was David's reception of these tidings. 1. In the agony of sorrow he rent his cloaths, and all that were with him followed his example; the day is spent in bitter mourning, and they observe a solemn fact until evening. He mourned for Jonathan his friend, but there was hope in his death; he mourned more bitterly for Saul his enemy, where none appeared, and especially over the desiccations of Israel, fallen by the sword of the Philistines. Note, (1.) His country's sufferings are a grief to the true patriot's heart. (2.) The loss of such whom we hope to meet again in glory, is much more tolerable than of those concerning whom we have no hope. (3.) As a good man loves his enemy whilst alive, he is so far from rejoicing at his fall, that he weeps over his grave. 2. He commands immediate execution on the messenger; he hoped to have met the best preferment, but he suffers the just reward of his deeds; not only as a devoured Amalekite, but as daring to stretch forth his hand against the sacred majesty of Israel's king. Thus would David express his own detestation of rejoicing, testify the sincerity of his grief, and recommend himself to the regard of the people. 17. ¶ And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul, and over Jonathan his son: 18. (Also he had them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jaffaer) 19. The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: 'how are the mighty fallen! 20. Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Athelons: 'left the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, left the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. 21. Ye mountains of Gilboa, 'let there be no dew, neither let there be rain upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil. 22. From the blood of the Sain, from the far of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. 23. Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided: they were further than eagles, they were stronger than lions. 24. Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you, scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel. 25. 'How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places. 26. I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan; very pleasant hast thou been unto me: 'thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women. 27. How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished! In song distinguished, as in battle great, Israel's sweet finger tunes to mournful notes his harp; and whilst he weeps over the mighty fallen, in elegiac strains of plaintive woe, calls forth the Sympathetic war. We have, 1. The elegy. Whatever was great, noble, and amiable in Saul is dwelt upon; and Jonathan's lovely name mentioned with tender daltists. In their lives they were as love anointed, in death nothing could divide them. Shocked that in Gath such tidings should be told, and that uncircumcised Philistines should triumph over the mighty fallen, he beautifully bids fame be silent, and, poetically to describe his sense of the calamity, wishes the unhappy mountains of Gilboa for ever in barrenness, to be-wait the blood that was fired upon them. The daughters of Israel, whom Saul had arrayed in fearless and gold, the spoils of conquered enemies, he calls to mourn with him; and closes with the warm remembrance of Jonathan's uncommon love, and a fine apollingish, the third time repeated, over the loss of Israel sustained in these mighty heroes fallen, and the weapons of war perished. Note, (1.) Death should wipe out the remembrance of past injuries of those who are gone; let us speak nothing, except in their commendation. (2.) There is a friendship some great souls are capable of, that exceeds all other passions. (3.) The triumphing of the wicked, over the cause of God, is grievous to the faithful. 2. The misfortune David lamented he fought to prevent, by enjoining the children of Judah the use of the bow, in which the Philistines form now to have excelled them, for of it of a baffe deteri. And this his ordinance was inserted in the book of Jaffaer, for future generations. This book forms to have been a public register, wherein every memorable affair was faithfully recorded. Saul bring dead, David, 2. By direction from God goes up to Hebron, and is there anointed king, ver. 1—4. 2. He shouts the men of Jabeh-gilead for burying Saul, ver. 5—7. 3. Jabeh-eith, the son of Saul, is set up in opposition to him, ver. 8—11. 4. A warm encounter happens between David's party, and Jabeh-eith, in which, (1.) Twelve of each side engage hand to hand, and are all slain, ver. 12—16. (2.) Jabeh-eith's party is beaten, ver. 17. (3.) Aseled, on David's side, is slain by Abner, 18—23. (4.) Took, at Abner's request, should a retreat, ver. 24—28. (5.) Abner makes the best of his way, ver. 29. and the loss on both sides is computed, ver. 30—32. 1. AND it came to pass, after this, that David 'enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up unto any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron. 2. So David went up thither, and 'his own wives also, Ahiomam the Jez-reelites, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite. 3. And 'his men that were with him, did David bring up, every man with his household, and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron. 4. And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah: and they told David, saying, That 'the men of Jabeh-gilead were they that buried Saul. 5. ¶ And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabeh-gilead, and said unto them, 'Bleffed be ye of the LORD, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, rove unto Saul, and have buried him. 6. And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing. 7. Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: for your matter Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them. David's army had been much reinforced, as appears 1 Chron. xii. yet he doth not immediately seize the throne, or march to compel allegiance to himself, though their anointed sovereign; but, 1. Enquires of God whether it is his will he should go up into Judah, where, as his own tribe, he hoped to be most readily Chap. H. John Chall readily received, and to what place? God answers him, Go; and christ, him to Hebron, which seems to have been then the metropolis. It was a city of refuge, and chiefly inhabited by the pristis. Note, They who wait upon God for direction, will be led in the right way to the kingdom. 3. David immediately obeys, and takes his wives along with him, and his men of war and their housholds; they had been his companions in tribulation, it is but right and honourable to take them to shore in his advancement. Note, They who follow Chill under the cros, shall reign with him in the day of his appearing and glory. 3. He meets with a very welcome reception. The men of Judah recognized the divine designation, and anointed him their king; not overriding him upon the other tribes, but expelling, according to the divine determination, they would quickly follow in good an example. Thus, they by they, he advances to the throne of Israel. Note, They who would have Chill to reign over them, must chuse him for their king; not but that it is of grace they are inclined, and made thus a willing people. 4. On enquiry probably after Saul's corps and Jonathan's, for which he purported an honourable interment, he is informed of the generous behaviour of the men of Jubeth-glazed. As a token how kindly he took this noble action of them, he leads them a hearty commendation, prays the Lord to bless them for their kindness, and affirms them he will take occasion to require them. Though Saul is dead, who defended them, David will be their friend, who is anointed in his stead; therefore they need not for any thing from the Philanthies, who might refute their deed; he bids them be strong and valiant, and as he hoped they would receive him as their king, they might depend upon his protection. Note, (1.) A kindness shewn to our friends is an obligation conferred on ourselves. (2.) It is not enough to be the one who will be a man, but we must be responsible, as we are able, those who have well deserved. (3.) To have those for our friends, whose fidelity to others hath been tried, is a valuable requisition. 8. ¶ But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's hoff, took Ith-bosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanain. 9. And he made him king over Gilead, and over the Athurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel. 10. Ith-bosheth Saul's son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years: but the house of Judah followed David. 11. (And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah, was seven years and six months.) 12. ¶ And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ith-bosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanain to Gibbon. 13. And Joab the son of Zeruish, and the servants of David went out, and met together by the pool of Gibbon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool. 14. And Abner laid to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before us: and Joab said, Let them arise. 15. Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ith-bosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David. 16. And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and they had his sword into his fellow's side: so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called a Heliakh-hazurim, which is in Gibbon. 17. And there was a very fore battle that day: and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David. c. 8.—17. The ambition of Abner, who was general to Saul, and zeal for his family, prevails upon him to set up Ith-bosheth, the only surviving legitimate son of Saul, an king; and whilst David, in dependence upon God's promises, remained quiet at Hebron, Abner, by his affidavit, gained over the land of Gilead beyond Jordan first, and then all the tribes but Judah, to acknowledge Ith-bosheth. And thus began that competition, which, after two years peace and five of war, terminated in the death of Ith-bosheth, and the entire submission of all the tribes to David. Note, Before we come to the throne our faith will be tried, and we must expect war in the gates. 1. Abner begins the war, which, as it seems, David would never have entered into, though his right to the crown was so evident, unless he had been obliged; so deference was he rather to preserve the lives of those who should be his future subjects, than treat them now as rebels against his crown. The tribes of Israel coflect their army in Mahanain, and march to Gibbon; Joab, David's general, meets them there. Note, If when we speak for peace others make themselves ready for battle, then we must of necessity defend ourselves. 2. Abner seeing Joab, probably, backward to engage, David being unwilling to find Israelish blood, challenges him to produce twelve men of Judah, against twelve of his Israelites, and play before them, that is, fight so many ducks; for, to a fierce warrior, blood and wounds are poor and pustible. Joab, like too many, had entertained those false notions of honour, that he dared not refute the challenge; the men are selected, matched, enter the lists, and engage: each infirmity faires his fellow, plunges his sword into the other's side, and all of them fall together; so lavish are generals often of the lives of their brave soldiers, to gratify their captain. The place, from this occurrence, is called, The Field of Reds, from the brave men, hardy and firm as a rock, who fell there. Note, (1.) They buy honour dear that purchase is at the expense of their brother's blood. (2.) False notions of honour are among the accorded wiles Satan employs for the destruction both of men's bodies and souls. 3. The general battle heresupon ensues, and Abner and his forces are routed. They who flut up strike thus, often meddle to their hurt, and his jull in God to punish the aggressor, and cover those with shame who seek to advance themselves upon their neighbour's ruin. 18. ¶ And there were three sons of Zeruish there, Joab, and Abithai, and Asahel: and Asahel was 'as light of foot as a wild roe. 19. And Asahel pursued after Abner, and in going he turned not to the right hand, nor to the left: from following Abner. 20. Then Abner looked behind him, and said, for thou Asahel? And he answered, I am. 21. And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand, or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him. 22. And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I fense thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother? 23. Howbeit, he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear fense him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died, stood still. 24. Joab also and Abithai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah that forb before Giah, by the way of the wilderness of Gibbon. c. 18—24. Abner's forces being routed, he himself is forced to fly for his life, but is close pursued by Joab's brother Asahel, whose feasts were as the mountain roe; having singled him out, he slicka close to him, ambitious to make him his prisoner, and hoping thus to end the war, of which Abner was the chief support. It was nobly aimed, but he was an unequal match, and therefore pursued only his ruin. Note, They who aim too high, stand on a precipice which makes their fall the deeper. Abner saw the young man's ambition, and kindly admonishes him of his danger, defining him to seize some other prey, which he was equal to; but, fired with ambition, he continues the pursuit, and perhaps imputes to smoking the friendly caution. Once more he begs him not to put him on the unwilling necessity of hurting him; but how should he then look his brother in the face, whom, though so restory, he respected, or probably apprehended that he might need his favour if David succeeded, as his conscience now misgave. The remonstrance was vain, Asahel perish, and runs his baby. Abner, as he advanced, by a back thrust fense him under the fifth rib, a mortal blow, and he fell dead to the earth. This gave Abner some breathing; the people who came to the place where Asahel lay, hailed till Joab and Abithai came up, who urged on the pursuit, and had well nigh overtaken him again, when night gave the ranquished time to rally. Note, (1.) The qualifications we are proud of are commonly our ruin. (2.) When we are most eager in the pursuit of our worldly schemes, and seem ready to grasp the prize of happiness, death, like Abner's spear, flops our career, and lays our big-fawlin hopes and honour in the dust. 25. ¶ And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill. 26. Then Abner called to Joab and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knoweth thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren? 27. And Joab said, do God's liveth, 'unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother. 28. So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither neither fought they any more. 19. And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and baffed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim. 30. And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men, and Aishel. 31. But the servants of David had fourteen of Benjamin and of Abner's men, 2a that three hundred and threefcore men died. 32. ¶ And they took up Aishel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Beth-lehem: and Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day. The routed troops making a stand on the hill, perhaps being joined by some fresh forces from Benjamin. 1. Abner begs of Joab to say the pursuit. He also made a sport of the sword in the morning, now decal in devouring edge, and fair would have it return to the Craband again; he pleads with Joab the near relation between the people, they were brethren, and if brother unbrund his hands in brother's blood, whoever gained the day the remembrance would be bitter. Sound reasoning, but just a day too late; had he thus argued with himself before, the sword had not been drawn. But we can see that right when the case is our own, which pride and prejudice prevented us from discerning when our neighbour's interest was at stake. 2. Joab nobly agrees to the request: no doubt his orders were to be sparing of blood, and therefore he lays the blame of what had been shed on Abner's obstinacy, but for whose challenge they might have retired in the morning in peace. A request is now founded, and Abner suffered to depart to Mahanaim, whilst Joab returns to his king at Hebron, with the loss of but nineteen men, besides Aishel; nor was the loss of Israel and Benjamin great. A former severity, Judges xx. 44. had made the conquerors more tender of their brethren; and it was well known that David wished as little blood might be shed as possible. Aishel receives all military honours, and is buried in the sepulchre of his fathers, the rest on the field of battle. Thus terminates the first encounter in favour of David, as a prelude to his greater future successes. Note, (1.) The sum to struggle against the Divine decree. (2.) Though the clouds of the valley are made more honourable to some than others, and they are distinguished in the grave, yet when they come again from thence, nobility will meet no distinction, and only the good be great in a resurrection day. Here is, 1. The gradual advance of David's interest, ver. 1. 2. The building up of his family, ver. 2—5. 3. Abner's quarrel with Ish-boSheth, and his treaty with David, ver. 6—11. 4. The preliminaries settled, ver. 13—16. 5. Abner's attempt to bring great war to David, ver. 17—21. 6. The treacherous murder of Abner, by Joab, ver. 22—27. 7. David's great concern for his death, ver. 28—29. 1. NOW there was 'long war between the house of Saul, and the house of David: but 'David waxed stronger and stronger, and 'the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker. 2. ¶ And unto David were 'sons born in Hebron: and his first-born was Ammon, of Ahi- noam the Jezreelirefs: 3. And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite: and the third, 4. Abalom, the son of Maacah, the daughter of Talmai king of Gethur: 4. And the fourth, Adonijah, the son of Haggith: and the fifth, Shephatiah, the son of Aba- tal: 5. And the sixth, Ishem, by Eglad David's wife: thee were born to David in Hebron. 6. ¶ And it came to pass while there was war between the house of Saul, and the house of David, that Abner 'made himself strong for the house of Saul. Abner was the life of the cause of Ish-boSheth, and one defeat ended not the war. It was persuaded several years; and though no more pitched battles were fought, yet David's house strengthened daily by the acquisition of new territories, and the desertion of those who were willing to cast their weight into the descending scale. At last the house of Saul, daily weakened, began to be reduced to the utmost extremities. Note, The war between grace and corruption is long, to exercise the faith and patience of the future, but the idios is born; and every day, like the house of Saul, corruption is weakening and grace strengthening, till in death the shout of victory shall be heard, and in shall fall to rise no more for ever. Besides his success in the war, David is blest with a considerable increase of his family, which strengthened his cause; for sons were born to him in Hebron, from so many wives. Polygamy had long received sanction from prevailing custom, but it is in itself revil; and no custom or authority can consecrate a bad practice. And could David indeed have foreseen how his children would have proved, it would have abated the joy of their birth; for three of them at least lived to give him many a bitter pang. So when do we find our resources in that wherein we promised ourselves the greatest comfort. 7. And Saul had a concubine, whose name was 'Rizpah, the daughter of Aish: and Ish-boSheth said to Abner, 'Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father's concubine? 8. Then was Abner 'very wroth for the wroth of Ish-boSheth, and said, 'Am I a dog's head, which against Judah do shew kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, that thou charged me to day with a fault concerning this woman? 9. So do God to Abner, and more also, except as the LORD hath sworn to David, even so I do to him: 10. To readise the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel, and over Judah, 'from Dan even to Bertheba. 11. And he could not answer Abner a word again, because he feared him. 12. ¶ And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, 'Who is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee. 13. ¶ And he said, 'Well, I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Saul's daughter, when thou comest to see my face. 14. And David sent messengers to Ish-boSheth Saul's son, saying, 'Deliver me my wife Michal, which I espoused to me for an hundred forefdoms of the Philistines. 15. And Ish-boSheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from a Phaliel the son of Laish. 16. And her husband went with her 2 along weeping behind her to Bahurim: then said Abner unto him, Go, return. And he returned. 17. ¶ And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, 'You fought for David in times past to be king over you. 18. Now then do it, for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies. 19. And Abner also spoke in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron, all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin. 20. So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him: and David made Abner, and the men that were with him, a feast. 21. And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayst reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away, and he went in peace. How precarious are worldly friendships, where one cross word breeds division and enmity. 1. Abner quarrels with Ish-boSheth. Ish-boSheth accuses him of debauching a concubine of his father's, and probably was jealous of some ambitious design therein. Abner highly resents the accusation; whether guilty or not of the charge it does not appear; if innocent, the more provoked; if really culpable, yet conceiving his deserts at Ish-boSheth's hands merited better than to be thus upbraided; therefore, in great anger, he reproaches him with his ingratitude in this contemptible treatment of him, as if he were a dog; though he owed his crown to his bravery and zeal, and swears to be revenged, by transferring the kingdom to David, whom he acknowledges God designed for the throne; and therefore he acted against his own conscience and better knowledge in his opposition to him. Ish-boSheth knew Abner's influence, and was silent; for he feared the consequence of his revolt, and wanted the spirit of a king either to war himself abroad, or maintain respect and authority at home. Note, (1.) The sins of wicked men are made subservient to bring about God's determined purposes. (2.) Many fight against the concubines of their conscience. (3.) Those cannot bear rebules, especially from those on whom obligations have been conferred. (4.) There is little dependence to be placed on those whose zeal for our service is at bottom but the gratification of their own ambition. (5.) A weak king will be a slave to his own servants. 2. Abner is as good as his word. He immediately sends messengers to make his peace with David, and acknowledges his right right to the kingdom: probably he was sick of a sinking castle, and resolved to secure himself in time. David readily enters into the treaty; but engages as a preliminary, to have his wife Michal restored; either he still retained affection for her, or he did it in policy to engage Saul's friends to his party. Abner puts him on making application to Ith-bolheth, which succeeds, and Abner conducts her to David, made to the grief of Philist her husband, who followed her a considerable way in tears. Note, (1.) They who act only with a view to their own advantages, are yet made sometimes useful instruments to serve the cause of God. (2.) Separation between husband and wife should be carefully avoided; and if unhappy differences, or necessity of circumstances, produce a temporary absence, the first occasion should be embraced to heal the breach, and come together again in love and peace. 3. Abner, in pursuit of his agreement, secretly communes with the elders of Israel and the men of Benjamin, and now appears a zealous advocate for David, reminds them of what he had already done for his country, their own preference of him formerly, and the election of God, which ought to determine their choice. Note, (1.) When we have led others into a wrong course, his our duty to labour us underwise them. (2.) The same reasons and arguments which we after acknowledge to be clear and obvious, have no weight with us, as long as pride and prejudice blood the eyes. 4. Abner having succeeded in his application, goes publicly to David to Hebron, with twenty men, perhaps a depuration from the tribes; reports the consent of the people, vanits not a little his power and influence, and promises, as if it was his work, to make David king. David wisely enroleats Abner's vanity, confirms their former treaty, nobly entertains him and his attendants, and dismisses them in peace. Note, We may receive much good from the kind offices of a bad man. 22. ¶ And behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: (but Abner does not with David in Hebron, for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace.) 23. When Joab, and all the hoft that was with him, were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the King, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace. 24. Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hath thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee, why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone? 25. Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out, and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doft. 26. And when Joab was come out from David, he sent meflingers after Abner, which brought him again from the well of Sarah; but David knew it not. 27. And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate, to speak with him quietly; and fence him there under the fifth vis, that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother. 28. ¶ And afterwards when David heard it, he said, 'I and my kingdom are guiltless before the LORD for ever, from the blood of Abner the son of Ner: 30. Let it rest on the head of Joab, and on all his father's house, and let there not fail from the house of Joab one: that hath an altar, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a fluff, or that falleth on a sword, or that lacketh bread. 30. So Joab and Abaifai his brother flew Abner, because he had flare their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle. 31. ¶ And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Kent your clothes, and glad you with Sadechoth, and mauen before Abner. And king David himself followed the bier. 32. And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lift up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept. 33. And the king lamented over Abner, and said, Died Abner as a fool dieth? 34. Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: as a man falleth before wicked men, is fellest thou. And all the people were again over him. 35. And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat, while it was yet day, David swore, saying, So do God to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or ought else, till the sun be down. 36. And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as whatever the king did, pleased all the people. 37. For all the people, and all Israel understood that day, that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner. 38. And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel? 39. And I am this day weak, though anointed king, and thefe men the sons of Zeruiah he too hard for me: the LORD shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness. Joab and the army were now in the field, probably against the Philistines, when Abner came to commune with David at Hebron: but no doctor was he returned from the expedition, than he is informed of what had passed, at which he is greatly enraged. 1. He infolently expeditates with David on what he had done, and not only dares find fault with his conduct, but charges him with folly, to be imposed upon thus by an enemy. The paffion Joab appeared in, made it vain to reply, or David perhaps thought it prudent to smother his displeasure; or Joab left him in such halts, that he gave him no time for an answer. Note, They who have done us great services, are too apt to think they have a right to be overbearing. 2. He dispatched meflingers immediately in David's name, unknown to him, to fetch Abner back again, under pretence of further conference; and taking him aside when he came, as if to talk with him on the affair, he fence him secretly under the fifth rib; infligated by revenge, and probably jealous, left Abner should rival him in David's favour; a bale and cowardly affaiblion! in open defiance of justice, and reflecting the greatest dishonor on his sovereign. Abaifai, Joab's brother, was privy to the design, and stood involved with him in the guilt of it. 3. David appears exceedingly shocked at the deed, and testifies every mark of undisposed grief. He solemnly professes his own innocence of the blood that was shed; and though unable, through the great power which Joab and his brother had in the army, to execute them as their king, he, as a prophet, entails a curle on their family, that should descend in diseases and calamities upon their children's children. He commands a solemn mourning, and bids Joab testify some remorse for his crime: himself follows the bier, lamenting that to great a man was fallen, who might have lived to serve the cause of Israel; he weeps at the grave, and bewails the unhappy fall of an innocent man, who died not as one who was a fool, a criminal under sentence of public justice, but betrayed under the cloak of friendship, and villainously murdered by wicked men; and the people joined with him, and until even a solemn fall is kept, in token of their sorrow not only for to great a prince, but also for the innocent blood wherewith the land was defiled. Note, (1.) The death of a great man, though a bad man, may be a real loss to the public. (2.) Though innocent blood may long pass unpunished, yet it will cry, and vengeance, though flow, is sure. (3.) The tribute of a tear is due to the memory of the deceased; especially of those who die not as fools, as wicked men, but fall in the cause of God and truth. 4. The King's concern pleased the people. He fully accustomed himself from all consent to the murder; and in this, as in his general conduct, engaged daily the affection and regard of his subjects. Note, He is a king indeed that reigns in the hearts as well as over the persons of his subjects. 5. David bitterly complains of his want of power to execute judgment on the offenders; in the infant unbeliefdom of his kingdom, it appeared to be dangerous to put such great men to death; but thus seems to be David's weakness: if instead of turning them over to God's secret judgments, he had caused Joab and Abaifai, as they deserved, to be executed as criminals, his kingdom had not been the less secure. However, the sword at last found out Joab, and Solomon, according to David's dying charge, executed upon him the became the deserved. Note, (1.) Kings are placed in difficult situations, where to spare or punish is attended with equal danger. (2.) Leap impunity makes the Sinner confident; but the sword of God's justice shall smite him secretly, and he shall not go down to the grave in peace. 3. 3 Chap. xii. 4. 30. ¶ And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that tidings came to David, saying, Abfalom hath slain all the king's sons, and there is not one of them left. 31. Then the king arose, and are his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent. 32. And Jonadah the son of Shimeah, David's brother, answered and said, Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead: for by the appointment of Abfalom this hath been determined, from the day that he forced his sister Tamar. 33. Now therefore, let not my lord the king take the thing to his heart, to think that all the king's sons are dead: for Amnon only is dead. 34. But Abfalom's fled, And the young man that kept the watch, lift up his eyes, and looked, and behold, there came much people by the way of the hill side behind him. 35. And Jonadah said unto the king, Behold, the king's sons come: as thy servant said, so it is. 36. And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of speaking, that behold, the king's sons came, and lift up their voice and wept; and the king also, and all his servants wept; very fore. 37. ¶ But Abfalom fled, and went to Talmud, the son of Ammihad, king of Gethur; and David mourned for his son every day. 38. So Abfalom fled, and went to Gethur, and was there three years. 39. And the son of king David longed to go forth unto Abfalom: for he was comforted concerning Amnon, seeing he was dead. Bad news flies apace, and never loses in the relation. 1. David is alarmed with the death of all his sons; such were the first living reports; and, ready to fear the world, in remembrance of his past doings, and the threatenings against his family, he rends his cloaths, and falls prostrate on the earth in an agony of grief, whilst his servants, with their cloaths rent, stood round him. Note, It becomes us to sympathise with the afflicted. 2. Jonadah, who suspected the truth from reflecting on former circumstances, though it can hardly be thought privy to the designs, suggests, that Amnon only is dead, in revenge for his rape of Tamar; and the event verified his conclusion, for the king's sons now appeared in sight from the watch-tower, and had to his presence. There with tears they report the sad catastrophe; and though it was some alleviation that they were not all slain, yet Amnon's death awakened the king's his-sacrifice. Note, (1.) In all our calamities we have to thank God they are no worse. (2.) The lack of a son, and a wicked son too, is a deep wound in a godly parent's heart. 3. Abfalom fled immediately from Justice, and sought an asylum with his grandfather Talmud, where three years he lived an exile. Note, One rash action often makes the whole life miserable. 4. As time wore off the grief for the dead Amnon, the love of the living Abfalom revived. His sin was overloaded, and his return ardently longed for; though how to refuse him, in opposition to honour and justice, David knew not. The next chapter will inform us how it was brought about. Note, (1.) It is a mercy time blunts the edge of sorrow, else all our days would be embittered with mourning. (2.) The greatest provocations cannot extinguish parental affliction. Ith-bolheth's death quickly follows Abner's. 1. His servants slay him, and bring his head to David, vers. 2—8. 2. David, instead of resurvating them, puts them in death for it, vers. 9—12. 1. AND when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. 2. And Saul's son had two men that were captains of hands: the name of the side was Banah, and the name of the other Rechah, the sons of Rimavon a Beerushie, of the children of Benjamin: (for 'Beerush also was mentioned in Benjamin.) 3. And the Beerushites fled to Gitanim, and were sojourners there until this day.) 4. And Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was here of his feet, and was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up and fled: and it came Babam Christ supl. Called March-bath Chom. rel. 10. Pl. 10. 8. Mat. rule. 50. Prop. rule 10. Mat. ii 10. came to pass as the made hafe to flee, that he fell and became lame; and his name was Mephibosheth. 5. And the fons of Rimmon the Beerothite, Rechab and Baanah, went, and came about the heat of the day to the house of Ith-bosheth, who lay on a bed at noon. 6. And they came thither into the midst of the house, 'as though they would have fetched wheat; and they fmote him under the fifth rib; and Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped. 7. For when they came into the house, 'he lay on his bed in his bed-chamber, and they fmote him and flew him, and beheaded him, and took his head, and got them away through the plain all night. 8. And they brought the head of Ith-bosheth unto David unto Hebron, and said to the king, Behold, the head of Ith-bosheth the son of Saul, thine enemy, 'which fought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his feed. Abner, the flay of Saul's family, being dead, Ith-bosheth's affairs sunk the father; and no other of Saul's house remained who could pretend to the crown, but a child of Jonathan's, who was lamed by a fall received when his nurse fled with him on the Philistine's victory, fearing leath they would utterly cut off her mother's house; and thus was, both by his age and misfortune, unfit to retrieve their ruined circumstances. Note, (1.) The perils of tender infancy are great; to have escaped them unhurt is a singular mercy. (2.) When God will accomplish his designs, every obstacle in the way will be removed. In this desperate situation of Ith-bosheth, instead of endeavouring to support or comfort him, 1. Two of his servants conspire his death; brothers not only in blood but iniquity; Benjamines, who, with their fellow-citizens, had deserted Beeroth and fled to Gittam, on the death of Saul, for fear of the Philistines. Pretending business in some of the magazines, which lay near the king's apartments, they took the opportunity, on his lying down at mid-day to repose himself during the heat, to break into his chamber, and murder him. Note, (1.) The higher a man's station the more dangerous. (2.) Are we close out eyes let us ever think of our souls, as those who know not whether they ever shall awake again. (3.) A sinking caule is oftener happened to ruin by the treachery of pretended friends, than the attacks of avowed enemies. 2. The murderers fly, and take the head of Ith-bosheth, as thinking it the most acceptable present they can bring to David; and pretending zeal not only for his service, but for avenging God's quarrel against the house of Saul, would cloak their treachery and regicide under the pretext of religion. Note, Religion hath often been made a cloak for ambition; but God will strip the hypocrite, and cover him with confusion. 9. And David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, the fons of Rimmon the Beerothite, and said unto them, At the LORD liveth, who hath redeemed my soul out of all adversity, 10. 'When one told me, saying, Behold, Saul is dead (thinking to have brought good tidings) I took hold of him, and flew him in Ziklag, ' who thought that I would have given him a reward for his tidings: 11. How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person, in his own house, upon his bed? 'shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth? 12. And David commanded his young men, and 'they flew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and 'hanged them up over the pool in Hebron: but they took the head of Ith-bosheth, and buried it in the sepulchre of Abner in Hebron. How greatly were these murderers disappointed! They expected the highest honour, and meet with their just defect, a halter. May such rebellious deeds be thus ever reconquered! 1. David passes sentence upon them on their own evidence. They must have heard his former judgment on the Anglicite; and how much more guilty were they, who done a righteous man, who had never injured them; and though he opposed David, he might do it in the perfusion of a better title to the crown. His blood cried for judgment from David as the chief magistrate; and the treachery of the assassination made the crime more unpardonable; therefore he solemnly swears they shall die, and commands immediate execution of the sentence. Note, (1.) Charity will put the best constructions on the conduct even of those who oppose us unjustly, and rather impute it to ignorance than design. (2.) They who bear the sword of magistracy, shall not bear it in vain. 2. Rechab and Baanah, the conspirators, are immediately executed, and their hands and feet hung up, in terrerem, to deter others from such rebellious deeds, as will as to express David's abhorrence of such practices, who wished not to wake to a throne in blood, much less by bats assassination. Ith-bosheth's head is honourably buried with Abner in Hebron; and thus ended the dominion of the house of Saul. Note, Sooner or later every enemy must fall before the Son of David, and his caule prove triumphant over all the powers of earth and hell. Every conspirator being removed, 1. David is anointed king by all the tribes, ver. 1—5. 2. He makes himself master of the stronghold of Zion, ver. 6—10. 3. Builds himself a knife, and strengthens himself in his kingdom, ver. 11, 12. 4. Children are yet born to him, ver. 13—16. 5. Obtains two victories over the Philistines, ver. 17—25. 1. THEN came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and spake, saying, Behold, 'we are thy bone and thy flesh. 2. All in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that feddeth out, and broughteth in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, 'Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel. 3. So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron, and 'king David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel. 4. David was thirty years old, when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years. 5. In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah. We have here, 1. The general submission of all the tribes to David; a longer account of which will be given, 1 Chron. xii. 23—40. They address him with great affection, as being their brother in blood, all thus of Jacob, and from whom therefore they shall expect clemency and protection; they mention the former service he had done them, as an obligation they ever remembered, embrace the Divine designation, and, since God hath said he shall rule, salute him king. This had been their duty to have done before, but better late than never. 2. David accepts the tender of their allegiance, the heads of the tribes are summoned, and in a solemn conrection of the States, he engages to protect them as their captain, and administer justice to them according to God's law; and they answer him the most time their king, and promise all dutiful subsistence to his government. Note, The duty of kings and subjects is reciprocal, and the one as much bound to rule with equal and clemency, as the other to obey with cheerfulness and fidelity. 3. David began his reign in the prime of life, just as thirty, and God built him with long life; he reigned forty years and six months; seven years and a half in Hebron, and thirty in Jerusalem; the conquest of which the stade in the first year of his reign over Israel. 6. And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, except thou shalt away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither, thinking David cannot come in hither. 17. Nevertheless, David took the strong hold of Zion: the same as the city of David. 8. And David said on that day, Whoever geteth up to the gutter, and fenteeth the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind, that are hated of David's soul, he shall be chief and captain: wherefore they said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house. 9. So David dwelt in the fort, and called it, The city of David, and David built round about, from Milan and inwards: 10. And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hoists was with him. David having now united the people under one head, resolved to improve this question of strength by the siege of Jerusalem, which though in part possessed, Judg. i. 8. the fortness continued in the hand of the Jebusites, and was counted impregnable. 1. The Jebusites treat David's attempt with great derision; probably they manned the walls with blood and lame persons, as if they were sufficient to defend them against any force he could bring, which there is more natural force than to interpret this of their images, or any resistance fatuous, placed as guardian. David having subdued the enemies of Israel, now refuses the ark, the glory of Israel, from the obscurity in which it had slain, vers. 1, 2. 1. The first attempt failed. (1.) They were guilty of an error in carrying it in a cart, vers. 3—3. (2.) They were punished for that error by the justice death of Uzzah, vers. 6, 7, which put a step to their proceedings, vers. 8—11. 2. The great joy with which it was at last done, vers. 12—15. And, (1.) The enfones that were between David and his people, vers. 17—19. (2.) The unconfessors that were between him and his wife upon that occasion, vers. 18, 20—23. 1. ¶ A Gain, David gathered together all the chosen men of Israel, thirty thousand. 2. And David arose, and went with all the people that were with him, from Baale of Judah, to bring up from thence the ark of God, whose name is called by the name of the LORD of hosts, that dwelleth between the cherubims. 3. And they let the ark of God upon a new cart, and brought it out of the house of Abinadab that was in Gibeah: and Uzzah and Ahio the sons of Abinadab, drove the new cart. 4. And they brought it out of the house of Abinadab which was at Gibeah, accompanying the ark of God; and Ahio went before the ark. 5. And David, and all the house of Israel, played before the LORD on all manner of instrument made of firewood, even on harps, and on platteries, and on timbrels, and on cornets, and on cymbals. Long had the ark lain neglected in the house of Abinadab; we find but once mention of consulting God before it during all Saul's reign; but David knew the value of that sacred treasure, and therefore prepares to resume it as a place more suited for its reception. 1. He speaks highly of the ark, from its relation to God, whose presence made it glorious, and who was pleased to dwell between the cherubims. Note, (1.) It is God's presence in all ordinances that makes them glorious. (2.) They who have high thoughts of God, will therefore reverence all his holy institutions. 2. He Before Chord &Intake. 2. He makes great preparations to attend it with a magnificent retinue, in solemn pomp and holy joy. Thirty thousand men, the flower of his army, to guard it, or the prime mobility, elders, and great men, out of all the tribes, and instruments of music of all kinds, himself leading the sacred band; and counting himself honoured, though a king, in this employment of praise, and humble attendance before the God of the Lord. Nor, (1.) The greatest kings need think it no disparagement to their dignity, to join with the meanest Israelite before that God, who regarded not the persons of the rich more than the poor. (2.) Sacred Philomoly always revives, whenever God revives a spirit of religion. 3. They committed a great error in the method they took to remove the ark; because a cart had brought it home from Phildha, they therefore concluded it might bring it lately up from Kirjath-Jearim, called also Ilaue, v. 2. though God had expressly commanded the contrary, Numb. vii. 9. Nor, Authority and bad precedents, weigh often more than the express word of God. 1 Num. iv. 4. Or fromblest. 5 Or withness. 6 Lev. 2, 3. Fr. 1, 1. 18. 7 John. 17. 8 Lev. The breach of Uzzah. 9 John. 8. Phil. 1. 10. 6. And when they came to Nachon's threshing-floor, 'Uzzah put forth his hand to the ark of God, and made hold of it, for the oxen + shook it. 7. And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Uzzah, and God firmer him there for his + error, and + there he died by the ark of God. 8. And 'David was displeased, because the LORD had made a breach upon Uzzah: and he called the name of the place, 5 Perez-uzzah to this day. 9. And David was afraid of the LORD that day, and said, 'How shall the ark of the LORD come to me? 10. So David would not remove the ark of the LORD unto him into the city of David: but David carried it aside into the house of Obed-edom the Gittite. 11. And the ark of the LORD continued in the house of Obed-edom the Gittite three months: and the LORD 'bleified Obed-edom, and all his household. Uzzah and Alio, the sons of Abiandah, are crucified with the care of the cart, to drive the onto whole draw it; but an awful providence flopped their journey, and turned their mirth into mourning. We have here. 1. Uzzah's raftness and punishment. It was contrary to an express command, to carry the ark in a cart; it was enjoined, that none but prelts might touch it; and if Uzzah were a Levite (which is uncertain) and a Kohathite, yet might he not fee the ark, much less handle it, but only carry the poles on which it was fixed. But perhaps Uzzah's long familiarity with the ark had lessened his sacred reverence for it, and therefore when the oxen shook it, either they stumbled, or the cart was in danger of overturning, Uzzah firstcutted forth his hand to support it, and God immediately fmote him, that he died. Nor. (1.) A good intention will not excuse a wrong thing. (2.) By our raftness and intemperate zeal, we are apt to give many a wrong touch to the ark of God, and it is of the Lord's mercies we are not confused. (3.) In matters of God's worship, we must carefully adhere to his revered will, least by human contrivances we die by the ark's side. 2. David is both terrified and displeased with the stroke on Uzzah. Displeased at this interruption of the solemnity, ready it should seem to entertain hard thoughts of God, as if his judgment were too severe, and counting it as ill ones, which his enemies might improve to his disadvantage. For all lawful, and God should break forth on him also, as conscious that he could not abide it, if the Lord were shod to mark what was amiss in him. He resolves therefore to proceed no farther, but carries the ark to the house of Obed-edom, a Levite, that was near; and calls the name of the place, in remembrance of this mournful event, Perez-uzzah, the breach of Uzzah. Nor. (1.) We are too apt, under provisional afflictions, to entertain displeasure against God's dissensions, rather than against the sins in ourselves that provoke them. (2.) Every stroke upon others for their sin, should be a warning to us to repeat of our own. (3.) If the breach between the broken law of a holy God, and a sinful soul, he not healed by the Lord Jesus Christ, an everlasting monument will remain upon the sinner of God's inexorable justice. 3. Obed-edom was no loser by his bleshed servant. He welcomed the ark to his house, notwithstanding the terrible judgments which had overtaken those who irreverently reared it. He knew by avoiding their sin, he need not fear their punishment; and God rewarded him in a remarkable blessing on himself and household, so that in the three months the ark continued with him, every thing prospered. Nor. (1.) None ever had by feasting to God. Godliness hath she promise of the life which now is, as well as of that which is to come. (2.) It is a blessing to dwell under a good man's roof, for all who are alone him are the better for him. (3.) All our prosperity must be ascribed to God, and when he adds to all a thankful heart, then we are blessed indeed! 1.1 Chron. 22. 45. re. ¶ 1 And it was told king David, saying, The LORD hath bleshed the house of Obed-edom, and all that pertaineth unto him, because of the ark of God. 2 So David went and brought up the ark of God from the house of Obed-edom, into the city of David, with gladness. 13. And it was 3/4 that when they that 'bare the ark of the LORD, had gone six pieces, he sacrificed oxen and fathings. 14. And David danced before the LORD with all his might, and David was 'girded with a linen ephed. 15. So David, and all the house of Israel, brought up the ark of the LORD 'with fluoring, and with the sound of the trumpet. 16. And as the ark of the LORD came into the city of David, Michal Saul's daughter looked through a window, and saw king David keeping and dancing before the LORD; and 'the despised him in her heart. 17. ¶ And they brought in the ark of the LORD, and set it in his place, in the midst of the tabernacle that David had patched for it: and David offered burnt-offerings, and peace-offerings before the LORD. 18. And as soon as David had made an end of offering burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, he 'bleified the people in the name of the LORD of hosts. 19. And 'he dealt among all the people, even among the whole multitude of Israel, as well to the women as men, to every one a cake of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a thagon of wine: so all the people departed every one to his house. The blessing of the ark on Obed-edom, and his house, soon reached the ears of David, and now his fears are removed, and his deftest return to have the ark with him at Jerusalem. Hereupon once more he attempts to remove it, and through the Divine blessing faccends. Nor. Though we are sure lost and kindred in our race, we must not despair; success shall at last coven our labours. 1. David saw and rectified his former mistake: the Levites, according to Divine persecution, are appointed to carry the ark, and when they had gone six pieces, David carried oxen and fathings to be offered, as an atonement for former occurs, and in thankfulness for present help. Nor. (1.) When God by his corrections hath led us to repentance, we need not doubt but we shall inherit a blessing. (2.) The blood of the one great sacrifice must be regarded in all our undertakings, as the alone foundation for our dependence on God's favour and regard. 2. David in all humility, with every demonstration of joy, preceded the ark. He laid his royal robes aside, and, in an ephed, like that the ministers of the sanctuary were, with exultation leaped and pressed God with all his might: his heart was engaged in the blessed service, and his body spoke the transport of his God. 3. The people joined their king in the lively expressions of their joy: with shouts of triumph, and the strangers chagrin voice, they brought up the ark to the tabernacle David had provided for it, according to the former usage; and there before it David offered burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, expiation of his gratitude and thankfulness for the success he had met with. Michal, Saul's daughter, was the only disguised spirit among them. She could not bear to the her husband alone, as she apprehended, demean himself, and her rebuke we shall quickly bear. 4. David dismissed the people. He bleshed them in the name of God, prayed for them and over them, that they might thus ever delight in God and his ways; and gave each of them a cake, and a good slice of meat, probably part of the sacrifices, which were always eaten as a sacred land, and a flogue of wine. And thus the people returned to their houses, highly satisfied with the generous treatment. Nor. (1.) All God's people are called to kraft on the one great sacrifice, and to eat that bread, and drink of that cup, which the Saviour, the Son of David, hath provided for us. (2.) A generous and munificent spirit naturally engages our regard. (3.) When we have the blessing of the King of kings upon us, then may we well depart in peace. 20. ¶ Then David returned to bless 'his household: and Michal the daughter of Saul came out to meet David, and said, 'How glorious was the king of Israel to day, who uncovered himself to day in the eyes of the hand-maids of his servants,' as one of the vain fellows shamelessly uncovered himself! 21. And David said unto Michal, 'It was before the LORD, which chastest me before thy father, and before all his house, to appoint me ruler over the people of the LORD, over Israel: therefore will I play before the LORD. 22. And I will yet be more vile than thou, and 'will be a bake in mine own sight: and of the maid-servants which thou hast spoken of, of them shall I be had in honour. 23. There- 23. Therefore Michal the daughter of Saul had no child until the day of her death. Having happily finished his public service, David returns joyful, to bless his household, and to finish the day with prayer and praise at home. No man is too great to be chaplain in his own family. But here his joy meets with some allay from the pride and fretishness of his wife Michal. Clouds will thus obscure the brightest day, and Kings sometimes feel the unrealness of domestic acts. 1. Michal, Saul's daughter, who had beheld the procession, v. 16. despised David for so denouncing himself, and therefore goes out to meet him with an ironical commendation, expressed for contempt of his behaviour; and ordinance, as if his deeds and gestures were immodest as well as foolish, because he had exchanged his royal mantle for an ephod, and danced amidst his fobyd's before the ark of God. Note, (1.) The exercises of religion often provoke the contempt of carnal minds: having no fences exercised to relish holy joys, they despise them. (2.) It is no new thing for the enemies of God's people, to charge them with lewdness, and to reproach their affections as indecent. (3.) Ridicule, not reason, is the weapon chiefly employed by the enemies of truth. David vindicates himself from her reproaches, and seeks withal to humble her pride. It was before the Lord he danced, in honour to him, and with a single eye and intention to his glory: it was the tribute of gratitude he owed to that gracious God, who had preferred him before her ungodly father: therefore he would again express his thankfulness, and if this were to be vile, would he vile; this, nor feared the reproach of which she was so liberal. His humiliation before God, would engage the respect of those hand-maidens she despised, and cause him to be had in honour by the pious poor, whose regard he most valued. Note, (1.) We must not be laughed out of a religious profession, or be ashamed of it; but the more we are opposed, or infused, the more resolutely persevere. (2.) If God knows our hearts to be upright before him, the censures of others may well lie light upon us. (3.) We can never sufficiently humble ourselves before a holy God; there the greatest king is no better than sinful dust and ashes. (4.) The regard of good men, the few of despised, is more to be valued than the disregard of the multitude of the great and irreligious is to be feared. 3. Michal suffers for her insolence. God afflicted her with butenance, and brought upon her real reproach for the undiserved disrespect she had shown to her husband, and her contempt of the ark of God. Shat 1093. Still the ark is David's care, as well as his joy. In this chapter, 1. He confides with Nathan about building a body for us, ver. 1, 2. Nathan approves his purpose, ver. 3. 2. God sends him a grazing message, accepts his purpose, canter-mands the performance, but promises an entail of blessings upon his family, ver. 4—17. 3. David pains out his heart in prayer and praise to God for us, ver. 18—29. 1. AND is came to pass, when the king sat in his house, and the LORD had given him rest round about from all his enemies; 2. That the king said unto Nathan the prophet, "See now, I dwell in an house of cedar," but the ark of God dwelleth within curtains. 3. And Nathan said to the king, "Go, do all that in thine heart: for the LORD is with thee. David is now at rest from all his enemies, enjoying in peace that kingdom he so worthily deserved; yet is not his comfort complex, whilst the ark of God dwells under curtains Therefore, 1. He purposes to build a house, meet for its reception. He could not look upon his own house of cedar, without a secret reproach. He resolves therefore to improve the calm he enjoyed in so grateful a service to the God who had done such great things for him. Note, A gracious soul is ever seeking to testify its gratitude, and happy to be employed for the glory of God. 2. David confides with Nathan the prophet about the matter, and as the piety of the design was evident, Nathan hesitates not to encourage him to proceed in the good purposes which were in his heart; but as they confided not God in the matter, his will appeared different, though the good intention was accepted. Note, (1.) We ought to strengthen these hands, who have it at heart to build up the church of Christ. (2.) If the Lord is with us, then the desires of our heart will be to please him. 4. And it came to pass that night, that the word of the LORD came unto Nathan, saying, a Go and tell my servant David, Thus saith the LORD, "Shall thou build me an house for me to dwell in? 6. Where- Veiz. I. as I have not dwelt in any house; since the time that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in a tent, and in a tabernacle. 7. In all the places wherein I have walked with all the children of Israel, spake I a word with any of the tribes of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people Israel, saying, Why build me not me an house of cedar? 8. Now therefore, so shall thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of holts, I took thee from the sheep-cure, I from following the sheep, to be ruler over my people, over Israel. 9. And I was with thee whithersoever thou wenteft, and I have cut off all those enemies out of thy sight, and I have made thee a great name, like unto the name of the great men that are in the earth. 10. (Moreover, I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no more: neither shall the children of wickedness afflict them any more, as beforetime. 11. And as since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel, and have caused thee to rest from all thine enemies. Also the LORD telleth thee, that he will make thee an house. 12. And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will let up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. 13. He shall build an house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom for ever. 14. I will be his father, and he shall be my son: if he commit iniquity, I will chafen him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: 15. But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. 16. And thine house, and thy kingdom, shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever. 17. According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David. David's heart was big with his design, but God's time was not yet come; therefore the same night, before any preparations had been made, God appeared to Nathan, and sends him to David with a message concerning it. 1. He enjoins him to desist from his purpose. God had hitherto, since he delivered his people from Egypt, abode in a tent, moving from place to place, and never yet spoke to any of the tribes, or as the word figuishes, forgeries, or rulers in Israel, to build him a house of cedar, chushing rather thus to walk in the midst of them; and till further orders David may not change the manner of his abode. Note, The church of Christ, like the ark, is in this would moving from place to place. In heaven alone, it may hope to find a sure abode, and an binding rest. 2. God reminds him of his gracious dealings towards him, in raising him from his low estate of a poor Shepherd, to be a great king, famed for conquest and valour; not as ophthalmating him therewith, but as an assurance of his regard, though he accepted not the offer of an house which he intended him. Note, (1.) A well-meant design, though it he uninterestedly, is in God's sight equally acceptable. (2.) A great name is valuable, when it is acquired under the Divine blessing, and as the gift of God. 3. Under his government, he promises to give rest to his people. Though denied in Canaan; their enemies had often afflicted them before the times of the judges, and in the intervals between these divinely appointed Saviours; but now they shall be more securely fixed, and the children of wickedness, their idolatrous neighbours, be suffered to afflict them no longer; and this was a great satisfaction to a king like David, to whom God's people were so dear. 4. His own house should be established, to reign over this favoured people. His seed should sit upon his throne, when he was gathered to his fathers; and the crown deserved to a long potterity: his son and immediate successor should accomplish the work he had planned, and build a house for God; and such tender regard would be these him, as a father doth to his dearest child; never, though froward, disinteresting him, but correcting him in measure, and preserving still his loving-kindness towards him. These promises immediately and primarily regarded Solomon, in whom they were in many respects fulfilled; but they had a further view, and were completely accomplished in that son of David, whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and who shall sit upon the throne of David for ever; so whom, in the most distinguished sense, Jehovah saith, I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son, whose church is the glorious house, where God designs to dwell; and though no iniquity was found in him, to deserve the stripes of men, yet 4 R was was he chafened and afflicted of God, for his people's fine, which were laid upon him. And the same is true of all the faithful God of Christ, though corrected for their infirmities, God's covenant of everlasting love stands firm with them; God will not cast them off in displeasure, but will refuse and establish them in the kingdom of his grace, till they come to the kingdom of his glory, to reign with him for ever and ever. Blessed surely are the people who are in such a cafe! 18. ¶ Then went king David in, and far before the LORD, and he said, 'Who am I, O LORD God? and what is my house, that thou hast brought me hitherto? 19. And 'this was yet a small thing in thy light, O LORD God: but 'thou hast spoken also of thy servant's house for a great while to come, and 'is this the 'manner of man, O LORD God? 20. And what can David say more unto thee? for 'thou LORD God, knoweth thy servant. 21. For thy word's sake, and 'according to thine own heart hath thou done all these great things, to make thy servant know them. 22. Wherefore thou art great, O LORD God: for 'there is none like thee, neither is there any God beside thee, according to all that we have heard with our ears. 23. And 'what one nation in the earth is like thy people, even like Israel, whom God went to redeem for a people to himself, and to make him a name, and to do for you great things and terrible, for thy land, before thy people 'which thou redeemed to thee from Egypt, from the nations and their gods? 24. For thou hast confessed to thyself thy people Israel to be a people unto thee for ever: and 'thou, LORD, art become their God. 25. And now, O LORD God, the word that thou hast spoken concerning thy servant, and concerning his house, 'establish it for ever, and do as thou hast said. 26. And 'let thy name be magnified for ever, saying, The LORD of hosts is the God over Israel: and let the house of thy servant David be established before thee. 27. For thou, O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, hast revealed to thy servant, saying, I will build thee an house: wherefore hath thy servant 'found in his heart to pray this prayer unto thee. 28. And now, O LORD God, thou art that God, and 'thy words be true, and thou hast promised this goodness unto thy servant. 29. Therefore now let it please thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may continue for ever before thee: for thou, O LORD God, hast spoken it, and with thy blessing let the house of thy servant be blessed for ever. 3. 18-20. Overcome with this gracious message from the Lord, though his purposes were prevented, their great and precious promises awaken the liveliest returns of thankfulness. He immediately repairs to the tabernacle, and there pours forth his prayers and praises before his covenant God. 1. Abused in the dull, he confesses his own vileness and unworthiness of these distinguished favours; speaking with deep humility of himself, though so distinguished in gifts and graces; and of his family, though so nobly defended. Nor, They whom God honours, will have the lowliest opinion of themselves. 2. He acknowledges with thankfulness and admiration, what God had done for him. It was to him alone he was indebted for all that admonition he was arrived at, and God now had added still the promise of many days to come. He is overwhelmed with such goodness, so unlike the manner of men, who do not thus probably laugh their gifts on their inferiors, and those who have nothing to recommend them. Yet thus hath God done; exceeding even his utmost wishes, and leaving David nothing more to ask. Nor, (1.) God befitows on his people not only more than they deserve, but more than they can desire. (2.) Men are migrants of their gifts, especially in those who have offended them: but God blesses them that were his enemies; first reconciles them to himself, then covers them with mercies and loving kindness, and more than all, gives them still greater blessings in promise, even than those they at present enjoy. (3.) God's covenant of grace consists all a dinner needs; when we plead that before God, and thy hold by faith on John, to whom this covenant stands full, then all things are ours. 3. He ascribes the whole to God's sovereign grace; who for his word's sake, according to his promise by Samuel, or for the sake of his incarnate Son, the Word made forth, thus graciously respected him, and had also made him know these mercies yet in favor. Nor, (1.) All the blessings of God's covenants are so exaggerated for. From, to without defect; and sovereign, bestowed, according to the counsel of his own will. (2.) To know and be assured of our interest in the blessings of the covenant, is a distinguished mercy. 4. He excels the glorious God, whose mercy was so great towards him. There is none like unto him, nor God besides him; none that can do as he does, in works of power and grace towards his favoured people. 5. The people of God, from their relation to him, appear also great and distinguished in his eyes. God, or, as the original is, Gods went to redeem them, not Moses and Aaron, though they as magistrates may be called Elohim, but the virtue God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; to save them from the nations, and their Gods, to be a peculiar people to Jehovah, their covenant God, and this not for a nation, but for ever and ever. Nor, More glorious is our spiritual redemption from idolatrous affections and servants to sin, more peculiar our consecration to him through the blood of Jesus, than there by the blood of bulls and goats: and our relation to God, without a figure, literally immovable and eternal, focused to us in that everlasting covenant ordered in all things and furs. 6. He concludes with his humble supplications for the fulfilment of the promises wherein God had caused him to put his trust. Since it had plagued him to reveal his great goodness to his servant, David can ask nothing greater, nothing better. Let the word be established; and this he confidently expects from the truth and faithfulness of God, and is thence encouraged in his heart to pray, because God hath promised. Let God therefore be magnified, his great and glorious name be exalted in mercy, and according to the truth said, Let David's house be built and blessed, and his throne continue for ever. Nor, (1.) We may holdly ask, when we have God's promises to encourage us. (2.) Let us not flagger at the greatness of the promise, but pray in faith, nothing doubting. (3.) Whenever we find in our heart to pray, God will not fail to hear and answer us. (4.) This is the constant desire of the faithful God, that God may be glorified; and as this is especially the case when the kingdom of his dear Son is enlarged, therefore he prays, thy kingdom come. (5.) All repetition of our prayers is not vain repetition, but rather is often the liveliest expression of faith and importunity. 14. ¶ And he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel, and to Beth-maachah, and all the Berites, and they were gathered together, and went also after him. 15. And they came and besieged him in Abed of Beth-maachah, and they cast up a bank against the city, and it stood in the trench: and all the people that were with Joab? battered the wall, to throw it down. 16. ¶ Then cried 'a wise woman out of the city, Hear, hear, say, I pray you, unto Joab, Come near hither that I may speak with thee. 17. And when he was come near unto her, the woman said, Art thou Joab? And he answered, I am he. Then she said unto him, Hear the words of thine handmaid. And he answered, I do hear. 18. Then she spake, saying, They were wont to speak in old time, saying, They shall surely ask, maybe at Abel: and so they ended the matter. 19. ¶ I am one of them that are peaceable and faithful in Israel: thou seekest to destroy a city, and a mother in Israel: who wilt thou swallow up the inheritance of the LORD? 20. And Joab answered and said, Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy. 21. The matter is not so: but a man of mount Ephraim (Sheba the son of Bichri by name) hath left up his hand against the king, even against David: deliver him only, and I will depart from the city. And the woman said unto Joab, Behold, his head shall be thrown to thee over the wall. 22. Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom, and they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast it out to Joab: and he blew a trumpet, and they get retired from the city, every man to his tent: and Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king. The men of Israel seem to have quickly repented of their choirs of Sheba, and to have deferred him. His own countrymen of Beirush, in Benjamin, cleared to him, and after having in vain attempted to raise the country in his favour, he it forced to take refuge in a fortified city, called Abd-Beth-maach, in the north, whither Joab and Abithai quickly follow him. 1. Joab besieges the city, fills the ditch, batters the wall, and is ready to give a general assault. Note, (1.) One wicked man often involves many in his ruin. (2.) Every stronghold of sin in the heart, whether our traitor halts-retire, must be thus blat-tend down by Almighty grace. 2. A wise woman saves the city from ruin by her interposition. (1.) She asks from the wall, and obtains a personal conference with Joab. (2.) She expolulates with him upon the evil of destroying a city so famed for wisdom, so great and populous, a mother in Israel, that desired nothing but peace, and was a part of the Lord's inheritance that should be preferred unhurt; and as ver. 18. may be rendered, ye shall surely ask Jesus at Abel, propose it, and so the matter had been ended, but this Joab had neglected. (3.) Joab declares his intentions were as peaceable as her's, that he abhorred the thoughts of destroying them, but they must blame their own obstinacy in supporting Sheba; deliver him up, and the siege shall be raised. (4.) This she promises to do, and for that purpose assembles the elders of the city; they embrace the proposal, and Sheba's head is cut off, and cast over the walls to Joab, who immediately raises the siege, and returns to Jerusalem. Note, (1.) Women's wise are often keenest. (2.) They who are peaceable in the land, surely ought not to be disturbed. (3.) Sin is the traitor; whilst that is wilfully harboured, peace with God is impossible. (4.) God hath no pleasure in our destruction; if we by faith yield up our rebel faith to him, he will save us from the ruin we should otherwise provoke. 23. ¶ Now Joab was over all the host of Israel: and Benatah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherechites, and over the Pelechites: 24. And Adoram was over the tributes: and Jehoha, what the son of Aitilad was re-ordered: 25. And Sheva was scribe: and Zadok and Abiathar were priests: 26. And Ira also the Jarrite was a chief ruler about David. Vol. I. We have been an account of David's officers. Before Chud 1019. Joab, who had by crashing this rebellion done so favourable a service, and was so beloved by the soldiers, in two great to be displaced from his usurped offices, or to be punished as he deserved for his crimes now, though judgment at last overtook him. The other officers are the same as before, chap. viii. 16. only Adoram was over the tribute, which was levied from the conquered nations, or raised for the support of the state at home. Here is an account, 1. Of David's celfories. (1.) Over the Philistines, ver. 2. (2.) Over the Maidites, ver. 3. (3.) Over the king of Zobah, ver. 4. (4.) Over the Syrians, ver. 5-8. (5.) Over the Edomites, ver. 14. 2. Of the preludes that were brought him, and the wealth he got from the nations he fudded, which he dedicated to God, ver. 9-12. 3. Of his court, the administration of his government, ver. 15. and his chief officers, ver. 16-18. 1. AND after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and fudded them: and David took Metheg-ammah out of the hand of the Philistines. 2. And he smote Moses, and murdered them with a head of line, casting them down to the ground: even with two lines measured he, to put to death; and with one full line to keep alive: and ye the Maidites became David's servants, and brought gifts. 3. David smote also a Hada-dezer the son of Rehab, king of 'Zobah, as he went to recover 'his border at the river Emphates. 4. And David took from him a thousand chariot, and 'seven heth- dred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David 'houghed all the chariot-beries, but 'referred of them for an hundred chariots. 5. And when the Syrians of Damascus came to 'foccur Hada-dezer king of Zobah, David 'flew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men. 6. Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and the Syrians became servants to David, and brought gifts: and 'the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. 7. And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hada-dezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. 8. And from Betah, and from Berothai, cities of Hada-dezer, king David took exceeding much brats. David being appointed of God to save his people and to perfect the conquest of the country God had promised them, begins to enlarge their territory by various conquests. 1. Over the Philistines; whose capital, God, is here called Metheg-ammah. Ammah, probably because built on a hill; and Metheg, which signifies a bridle, because it served to keep the whole country in subjection, which was now entirely subdued. Nor, Though corruption brought long, the power of the Son of David shall keep it now in subjection, and by and by he shall surely rest it out. 2. The Maidites next felt his conquering sword, and now Chapter X. The Syrian Board the same fate. First, those of Zobah, under Hadadezer their king, who opposed David in his expedition towards the Euphrates, to which God had promised this empire should extend, Gen. 13. but received a total overthrow, with the loss of a thousand charities, seven hundred Egyptians of battle (See 1 Chron. 14: 4.) which with the charities herds were houghed or hamstrung, except a reserve for one hundred charities, and twenty thousand foot. When those of Damascus espoused his quarrel, they brought upon themselves the same destruction: two and twenty thousand were died, their country brought into subjection, and their cities plundered. Particular notice is taken of the golden thieves of Hadadezer, and of the vast quantities of brash David brought from Benah and Beruchai. Note, (1.) The enemies of God's church may associate themselves, but they shall be broken to pieces. (2.) Better to be relied on than thieves of gold, is God the shield and the defence of every spiritual Israelite. 4. God blessed David wherever he went, made him successful, preserved his life in battle, and crowned him with victory. Note, In the midst of danger, they are safe whom God protects. Every bullet has its billet. 9. ¶ When Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the hoff of Hadadezer, 10. Then Toi sent Joram his Son unto king David to salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him (for Hadadezer) had wars with Toi and Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass; 11. Which also king David did dedicate unto the LORD, with the silver and gold that he had dedicated of all nations which he subdued; 12. Of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children of Amason, and of the Philistines, and of Amalek, and of the spoil of Hadadezer son of Re-hob, king of Zobah. 13. And David got him a name when he returned from limiting of the Syrians in the valley of Salt, being eighteen thousand men. 14. ¶ And he put garrisons in Edom throughout all Edom put he garrisons, and all they of Edom became David's servants: and the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. The fame of David's victories spread abroad: 1. The king of Hamath sends his son as ambassador, to congratulate him on his success against Hadadezer, with kompetent pretences, as a grateful acknowledgment for his deliverance from so great an enemy. Those presents, vessels of gold and silver, David dedicated to God, with all the spoils of the conquered nations, in order that his success, ordained to build God's temple, might find abundant provision made for the glorious work. 2. He enlarges his kingdom by the conquest of Edom, and puts garrisons in all their cities. One remarkable victory he obtains over the Syrians, with whom they were confederates, in the valley of Salt killing eighteen thousand men; in which action his generality, as well as personal values, got him a great name: and all this was owing to God's preservation and blessing, which David, in Phine St. penned on this occasion, thankfully acknowledged. Note, (1.) Whatever is great or good in us, let God alone have the praise of it. (2.) These conquests apply the greater ones of David's Son and Lord. He must reign till he hath put all enemies under his feet, subdued the power of sin, and destroyed death and hell; when having rescued his people from all their enemies round about, he shall make them princes and kings in glory, where they shall reign with him. 15. And David reigned over all Israel, and David executed judgment and justice unto all his people. 16. And Joab the son of Zeruizh was over the hoff; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahlfud was? receded? 17. And Zadok the son of Ahlfud, and Ahmedech the son of Abiathas, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe; 18. And Beniah the son of Jehoueh was over both the Cherechites and the Pelesthes; and David's sons were chief rulers. We have here. 1. David dispensing to his subjects the blessings of an unpled government, as well as subduing their best heirs them. All Israel felt and owned his gentle sway; the means have acced to him, and justice without partiality is dispensed by him: well may it be said, Happy art thou, O Israel! Note, We cannot enough be thankful for the blessing of a mild government, and an uncorrupt administration of justice. 2. David's great officers are mentioned. Joab was generalissimo; Jehoshaphat, receded, to minute the daily occurrences, and keep the annals of the empire; or to record the cases which were brought before the king for decision. Zadok and Ahmedech, priests of distinction, and chiefly confessed by David, under Abiathas the high priest: Seruah was father, or Secretary of State; and Beniah was captain of the king's life-guards, the Cherechites and Pelesthes; who were supposed by some to be Philistines, as those kings employ foreign mercenaries, others have thought them the descendants of two families in Israel, but the most probable conjecture seems to be, that they were those worth the same to David, which he was in the country of the Philistines, and who got those names from their abode there. David's sons also were all advanced at court, and placed in employments suited to their high rank, and thus all about him shared in his glory and advancement. Note, They who chew to the Lord Jesus Christ, will find him not unmindful of them when he cometh to his kingdom. David Jesus kindnefs to Jonathan's said for his sake. 1. He enquires after the remains of the house of Saul, and disavows Mephibotheth, ver. 1—4. 2. He receives him kindly, ver. 5—8. And, 3. Provides for him and his, ver. 9—13. 1. AND David said, Is there yet any that is left of the house of Saul, that I might shew him kindnefs for Jonathan's sake? 2. And there was of the house of Saul a servant whose name was Ziba; and when they had called him unto David, the king said unto him, Art thou Ziba? And he said, Thy servant is he. 3. And the king said, Is there not yet any of the house of Saul, that I may shew the kindnefs of God unto him? And Ziba said unto the king, Jonathan hath yet a son which is lame on his feet. 4. And the king said unto him, Where is he? And Ziba said unto the king, Behold, he is in the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, in Lo-debar. 5. ¶ Then king David sent, and set him out of the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, from Lo-debar. 6. Now when Mephibotheth the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, was come unto David, he fell on his face, and did reverence. And David said, Mephibotheth. And he answered, Behold thy servant. 7. And David said unto him, 'Fear not: for I will surely shew thee kindnefs, for Jonathan thy father's sake, and will restore thee all the land of Saul thy father, and thou shalt set bread at my table continually. 8. And he bowed himself, and said, What is thy servant, that thou should'st look upon such a dead dog as I am? When respite from war, and rest from the multiplicity of his engagements, during the first year of his government, gave David opportunity of rebellion; he remembered the covenant between Jonathan and himself, and let himself to fulfil it. 1. He enquires if any remained of Saul's house, to whom, for Jonathan's sake, he might shew kindnefs. Saul had been his bitter enemy, but he had forgiven and forgotten it: his descendants might rather have feared to be cut off, thus to be preserved; but he had sworn to Saul to spare them, and for his old friend's sake, Jonathan, he would do more for them; shew them kindnefs and favour; the kindness of God for his sake, and great like that himself shews. Note, (1.) We must be not only ready to do good, when applied to, but seek for occasions, and enquire out the proper edged objects. (2.) It is not enough to forgive those who hate us, but we must shew kindnefs to them or their families in their defenses; thus is God-sake. (3.) No advancement, or change of circumstances, should make us forget our old friends; they and theirs have a take to our nature, and, according to our powers, to our allegiance. (4.) That is the acceptable charity, and no other, which is done with an eye to God's glory, and flows from a sense of God's love to us. 2. Ziba, an old servant of Saul, who was at that time at Jerusalem, is then for, and introduced to David; and on his enquiry, informs him of a son of Jonathan's, who was lame, Chap. iv. 4. and had been previously brought up at Loudelbar, probably among his mother's relations. Him therefore David without delay finds for to court. Note, A good old servant is a very valuable profession to his mother. The following, to fight against them with the sword of his mouth, will find infinite wisdom united with everlasting strength, and who then can be able to stand? 5. Joab encourages his brother and the officers at the council of war, heavily to play their parts. Their enemies were numerous, and advantageously petted, and they must divide their forces to make head against them: if either therefore were worried, the other must make a detachment to support him. But the battle was the Lord's, and whilst in dependence on him they fought for their people and the cities of their God, they might confidently expect the victory. Note, (1.) Great dangers call for greater fortitude. (2.) In our spiritual warfare, if our brother fall, we must be ready to help him up. (3.) The love of God and our country make the bearest soldiers. Foreign mercenaries are an unequal match for such patriots. (4.) Desendances upon God in the use of the means, is the fact way to be crowned with success. 4. The issue answered their hopes. The auxiliary Syrians being quickly routed, the Ammonites took refuge within their walls, and left the field of battle to the conquerors. The season not permitting a farther progress of his arms, Joab returned to Jerusalem in triumph, and there made preparations to push his conquests at the returning Spring. Note, War is a grievous trade: it is a mercy that inclement feasons prevent the constant exercise of it, and force the combatants to unwilling rest. 15. ¶ And when the Syrians saw that they were smitten before Israel, they gathered themselves together. 16. And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the hoff of Hadarezer went before them. 17. And when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together, and passed over Jordan, and came to Helam: and the Syrians set themselves in arm against David, and fought with him. 18. And the Syrians fled before Israel, and David flew the men of seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their hoff, who died there. 19. And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any more.