Chapter 3.—Varro’s Distribution
of His Book Which He Composed Concerning the Antiquities of Human
and Divine Things.
He wrote forty-one books of
antiquities. These he divided into human and divine things.
Twenty-five he devoted to human things, sixteen to divine things;
following this plan in that division,—namely, to give six books
to each of the four divisions of human things. For he directs his
attention to these considerations: who perform, where they
perform, when they perform, what they perform. Therefore in the
first six books he wrote concerning men; in the second six,
concerning places; in the third six, concerning times; in the
fourth and last six, concerning things. Four times six, however,
make only twenty-four. But he placed at the head of them one
separate work, which spoke of all these things
conjointly.
In divine things, the same order he
preserved throughout, as far as concerns those things which are
performed to the gods. For sacred things are performed by men in
places and times. These four things I have mentioned he embraced
in twelve books, allotting three to each. For he wrote the first
three concerning men, the following three concerning places, the
third three concerning times, and the fourth three concerning
sacred rites,—showing who should perform, where they should
perform, when they should perform, what they should perform, with
most subtle distinction. But because it was necessary to
say—and that especially was expected—to whom they should
perform sacred rites, he wrote concerning the gods themselves the
last three books; and these five times three made fifteen. But
they are in all, as we have said, sixteen. For he put also at the
beginning of these one distinct book, speaking by way of
introduction of all which follows; which being finished, he
proceeded to subdivide the first three in that five-fold
distribution which pertain to men, making the first concerning high
priests, the second concerning augurs, the third concerning the
fifteen men presiding over the sacred ceremonies.
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The second three he made
concerning places, speaking in one of them concerning their
chapels, in the second concerning their temples, and in the third
concerning religious places. The next three which follow these,
and pertain to times,—that is, to festival days,—he distributed
so as to make one concerning holidays, the other concerning the
circus games, and the third concerning scenic plays. Of the
fourth three, pertaining to sacred things, he devoted one to
consecrations, another to private, the last to public, sacred
rites. In the three which remain, the gods themselves follow this
pompous train, as it were, for whom all this culture has been
expended. In the first book are the certain gods, in the second
the uncertain, in the third, and last of all, the chief and select
gods.
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Tarquin the Proud, having bought
the books of the sibyl, appointed two men to preserve and interpret
them (Dionys. Halic.
Antiq.
iv. 62. These were afterwards
increased to ten, while the plebeians were contended for larger
privileges; and subsequently five more were added.